druid
English
Etymology
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Borrowed from French druide, from Old French, via Latin Druidae, from Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally “oak-knower”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) and *weyd- (“to see”).
The earliest record of the term in Latin is by Julius Caesar in the first century B.C. in his De Bello Gallico. The native Celtic word for "druid" is first attested in Latin texts as druides (plural) and other texts also employ the form druidae (akin to the Greek form). Cognate with the later insular Celtic words, Old Irish druí (“druid, sorcerer”) and early Welsh dryw (“seer”).
Pronunciation
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Audio (US): (file) - Rhymes: -uːɪd
Noun
druid (plural druids)
- One of an order of priests among certain groups of Celts before the adoption of Abrahamic religions.
Usage notes
- Often capitalized: Druid.
Derived terms
Translations
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Irish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdis, from Proto-Indo-European *trosdos (“thrush”); compare Latin turdus, German Drossel, and English thrush.
Noun
druid f (genitive singular druide, nominative plural druideanna)
Declension
Bare forms
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Forms with the definite article
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Alternative forms
- druideog f
Etymology 2
From Old Irish druitid (“shuts, closes; moves close (to), presses (against); approaches; moves away from, abandons”), possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).
Verb
druid (present analytic druideann, future analytic druidfidh, verbal noun druidim, past participle druidte)
Conjugation
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Etymology 3
Noun
druid m
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
druid | dhruid | ndruid |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “druid”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “truit”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “druitid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Irish
Pronunciation
Noun
druïd
- inflection of druí:
Mutation
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
druïd | druïd pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/ |
ndruïd |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Polish
Etymology
From Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally “oak-knower”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) and *weyd- (“to see”).
Pronunciation
Noun
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Declension
Further reading
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology 1
From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdi-, from Proto-Indo-European *trozdo- (“thrush”).
Noun
druid f (genitive singular druide, plural druidean)
Etymology 2
From Old Irish druitid (“shuts, closes; moves close (to), presses (against); approaches; moves away from, abandons”), possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).
Verb
druid (past dhruid, future druididh, verbal noun druideadh, past participle druidte)
Alternative forms
Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation | |
---|---|
Radical | Lenition |
druid | dhruid |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- Edward Dwelly (1911) “druid”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary][1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “truit”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “druitid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- English terms borrowed from French
- English terms derived from French
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Gaulish
- English terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
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- Rhymes:English/uːɪd
- English lemmas
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- en:Religion
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
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- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish non-lemma forms
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- Polish terms derived from Gaulish
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- pl:Paganism
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Scottish Gaelic lemmas
- Scottish Gaelic nouns
- Scottish Gaelic feminine nouns
- Scottish Gaelic verbs