druid

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See also: Druid

English[edit]

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Etymology[edit]

Borrowing from French druide, from Old French [Term?], via Latin Druidae, from Gaulish [Term?].

The earliest record of the term in Latin is in Julius Caesar in the first century B.C. in his De Bello Gallico. The native Celtic word for "druid" is first attested in Latin texts as druides (plural) and other texts also employ the form druidae (akin to the Greek form). It is understood that the Latin form is a borrowing from Gaulish [Term?]. The word is cognate with the later insular Celtic words, Old Irish druí (“druid, sorcerer”) and early Welsh dryw (“seer”). The proto-Celtic word may be *druwits (literally “oak-knower”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) and *weyd- (“to see”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

druid (plural druids)

  1. One of an order of priests among certain groups of Celts before the adoption of Abrahamic religions.
    • 2004, Fitch, E. J. Right Action and the environment: a common environmental catechism, fundamentalism, and political extremism. Interdisciplinary Environmental Review, 6(2), 132-139.
      Druidic faiths to the loose coupling one found in the Roman rites. The ascendance to dominance, at least in terms of number of adherents, of the three monotheistic Abrahamic faiths marked a decline […]

Usage notes[edit]

  • Often capitalized: Druid.

Derived terms[edit]

Translations[edit]

Irish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdi-, from Proto-Indo-European *trozdo- (“thrush”); compare Latin turdus, German Drossel, and English thrush.

Noun[edit]

druid f (genitive singular druide, nominative plural druideanna)

  1. starling
Declension[edit]
Declension of druid

Second declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative druid druideanna
Vocative a dhruid a dhruideanna
Genitive druide druideanna
Dative druid druideanna

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an druid na druideanna
Genitive na druide na ndruideanna
Dative leis an druid

don druid

 leis na druideanna
Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Irish druitid (“shuts, closes; moves close (to), presses (against); approaches; moves away from, abandons”), possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).

Verb[edit]

druid (present analytic druideann, future analytic druidfidh, verbal noun druidim, past participle druidte)

  1. (Ulster) close, shut
  2. move relative to something
    1. (with le) move close to, draw near, approach
    2. (with ar) close upon
    3. (with ó) move away from
Conjugation[edit]
First Conjugation (A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present druidim druideann tú;
druidir†		 druideann sé, sí druidimid druideann sibh druideann siad;
druidid†		 a dhruideann; a dhruideas /
a ndruideann*; a ndruideas*		 druidtear
past dhruid mé; dhruideas dhruid tú; dhruidis dhruid sé, sí dhruideamar; dhruid muid dhruid sibh; dhruideabhair dhruid siad; dhruideadar a dhruid /
ar dhruid*		 druideadh
past habitual dhruidinn dhruidteá dhruideadh sé, sí dhruidimis; dhruideadh muid dhruideadh sibh dhruididís; dhruideadh siad a dhruideadh /
ar dhruideadh*		 dhruidtí
future druidfidh mé;
druidfead		 druidfidh tú;
druidfir†		 druidfidh sé, sí druidfimid;
druidfidh muid		 druidfidh sibh druidfidh siad;
druidfid†		 a dhruidfidh; a dhruidfeas /
a ndruidfidh*; a ndruidfeas*		 druidfear
conditional dhruidfinn dhruidfeá dhruidfeadh sé, sí dhruidfimis; dhruidfeadh muid dhruidfeadh sibh dhruidfidís; dhruidfeadh siad a dhruidfeadh /
ar dhruidfeadh*		 dhruidfí
subjunctive present go ndruide mé;
go ndruidead†		 go ndruide tú;
go ndruidir†		 go ndruide sé, sí go ndruidimid;
go ndruide muid		 go ndruide sibh go ndruide siad;
go ndruidid†		 — go ndruidtear
past dá ndruidinn dá ndruidteá dá ndruideadh sé, sí dá ndruidimis;
dá ndruideadh muid		 dá ndruideadh sibh dá ndruididís;
dá ndruideadh siad		 — dá ndruidtí
imperative druidim druid druideadh sé, sí druidimis druidigí;
druididh†		 druididís — druidtear
verbal noun druidim
past participle druidte

* Indirect relative
† Dialect form

Etymology 3[edit]

Noun[edit]

druid m

  1. genitive singular of drud

Mutation[edit]

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
druid dhruid ndruid
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References[edit]

  • "druid" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
  • “truit” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
  • “druitid” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.

Scottish Gaelic[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdi-, from Proto-Indo-European *trozdo- (“thrush”).

Noun[edit]

druid f (genitive singular druide, plural druidean)

  1. starling

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old Irish druitid (“shuts, closes; moves close (to), presses (against); approaches; moves away from, abandons”), possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).

Verb[edit]

druid (past dhruid, future druididh, verbal noun druideadh, past participle druidte)

  1. shut closely
  2. cover
  3. enclose, surround
  4. advance, come up
  5. join
  6. hasten
  7. step toward
  8. approach, draw near
Alternative forms[edit]

References[edit]

  • Faclair Gàidhlig Dwelly Air Loidhne, Dwelly, Edward (1911), Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan/The Illustrated [Scottish] Gaelic-English Dictionary (10th ed.), Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, ISBN 0 901771 92 9
  • “truit” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
  • “druitid” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
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