druid

See also: Druid

English

Etymology

Borrowed from French druide, from Old French, via Latin Druidae, from Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally either “oak-knower” or “firm knower, great sage”), from either Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) or *drew- (“solid, firm, hard”) and *weyd- (“to see, to have knowledge”) (whence also English wizard; Proto-Slavic *vědьma (> Russian ве́дьма (védʹma))).

The earliest record of the term in Latin is by Julius Caesar in the first century B.C. in his De Bello Gallico. The native Celtic word for "druid" is first attested in Latin texts as druides (plural) and other texts also employ the form druidae (akin to the Greek form). Cognate with the later insular Celtic words, Old Irish druí (“druid, sorcerer”) and early Welsh dryw (“seer”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈdɹuːɪd/
• (Standard Southern British) IPA^(key): /ˈdɹʉwɪd/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈdɹu.ɪd/

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

• (Australia, New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ˈdɹʉːɪd/
• (Scotland) IPA^(key): /ˈdɾʉ.ɪd/
• (Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈdɾɪu̯.ɪd/
• Rhymes: -uːɪd
• Hyphenation: flu‧id

Noun

druid (plural druids)

1. (historical) One of an order of priests among certain groups of Celts before the adoption of Abrahamic religions.
2. (fantasy, roleplaying games) A priest or mage who uses magic based on nature or trees.

Usage notes

• Often capitalized: Druid.

Derived terms

• archdruid
• druidcraft
• druidess
• druidic
• druidish
• druidism
• Druidry
• neo-druid

Descendants

• → Chinese: 德魯伊 / 德鲁伊 (délǔyī), 督伊德 (dūyīdé)
• → Japanese: ドルイド
• → Korean: 드루이드 (deuru'ideu)
• → Māori: ruiti
• → Russian: друи́д (druíd)

Translations

one of an order of Celtic priests

• Armenian: դրուիդ (hy) (druid)
• Breton: drouiz (br)
• Catalan: druida (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 德魯伊 / 德鲁伊 (dak¹ lou⁵ yi¹)

  Mandarin: 德魯伊 / 德鲁伊 (zh) (délǔyī), 督伊德 (dūyīdé)

• Cornish: drewydh
• Dutch: druïde (nl) m
• Esperanto: druido
• Estonian: druiid
• Finnish: druidi (fi)
• French: druide (fr) m
• Georgian: დრუიდი (druidi)
• German: Druide (de) m
• Greek: δρυίδης m (dryídis)
• Hungarian: druida (hu)
• Ido: druido (io)
• Irish: draoi m
• Italian: druida m or f, (uncommon) druido m
• Japanese: ドルイド (doruido)
• Korean: 드루이드 (deuru'ideu)
• Latin: Druida m
• Macedonian: дру́ид m (drúid)
• Manx: druaight m
• Māori: ruiti
• Norwegian: druide m
• Old English: drȳ m
• Polish: druid (pl) m, druidka (pl) f
• Portuguese: druida (pt) m
• Romanian: druid (ro) m
• Russian: друи́д (ru) m (druíd)
• Scottish Gaelic: draoidh m
• Spanish: druida (es) m
• Swedish: druid (sv)
• Walloon: drude (wa) m
• Welsh: derwydd m

Irish

FWOTD – 24 July 2019

Etymology 1

From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdī, from Proto-Indo-European *trosdos (“thrush”); compare Latin turdus, German Drossel, and English thrush.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪ˠɾˠidʲ/
• (Aran) IPA^(key): /d̪ˠɾˠedʲ/

Noun

druid f (genitive singular druide, nominative plural druideanna or druideacha)

1. starling, Sturnidae spp.

Declension

Declension of druid (second declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative druid druideanna vocative a dhruid a dhruideanna genitive druide druideanna dative druid druideanna forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an druid na druideanna genitive na druide na ndruideanna dative leis an druid don druid leis na druideanna

Alternative forms

• druideog, truid, truideog

Derived terms

• druid rósach (“rosy starling”)

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “druid”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 371; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “druid”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Etymology 2

From Middle Irish druitid (“to close, press (against)”), denominative from Middle Irish drut (“closing, pressing, approaching, leaving”). Possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪ˠɾˠidʲ/
• (Aran) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ˠɞɾˠədʲ/

Verb

druid (present analytic druideann, future analytic druidfidh, verbal noun druidim, past participle druidte) (ambitransitive)

1. (Ulster) close, shut

   Synonym: dún

2. To move relative to something. [with le ‘close to, near’; or with ar ‘upon’; or with ó ‘away from’]

Conjugation

Conjugation of druid (first conjugation – A)

indicative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	druidim	druideann tú; druidir†	druideann sé, sí	druidimid; druideann muid	druideann sibh	druideann siad; druidid†	a dhruideann; a dhruideas	druidtear
past	dhruid mé; dhruideas	dhruid tú; dhruidis	dhruid sé, sí	dhruideamar; dhruid muid	dhruid sibh; dhruideabhair	dhruid siad; dhruideadar	a dhruid	druideadh
past habitual	dhruidinn / druidinn‡	dhruidteá / druidteá‡	dhruideadh sé, sí / druideadh sé, sí‡	dhruidimis; dhruideadh muid / druidimis‡; druideadh muid‡	dhruideadh sibh / druideadh sibh‡	dhruididís; dhruideadh siad / druididís‡; druideadh siad‡	a dhruideadh	dhruidtí / druidtí‡
	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	druidfidh mé; druidfead	druidfidh tú; druidfir†	druidfidh sé, sí	druidfimid; druidfidh muid	druidfidh sibh	druidfidh siad; druidfid†	a dhruidfidh; a dhruidfeas	druidfear
conditional	dhruidfinn / druidfinn‡	dhruidfeá / druidfeá‡	dhruidfeadh sé, sí / druidfeadh sé, sí‡	dhruidfimis; dhruidfeadh muid / druidfimis‡; druidfeadh muid‡	dhruidfeadh sibh / druidfeadh sibh‡	dhruidfidís; dhruidfeadh siad / druidfidís‡; druidfeadh siad‡	a dhruidfeadh	dhruidfí / druidfí‡
subjunctive	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	go ndruide mé; go ndruidead†	go ndruide tú; go ndruidir†	go ndruide sé, sí	go ndruidimid; go ndruide muid	go ndruide sibh	go ndruide siad; go ndruidid†	—	go ndruidtear
past	dá ndruidinn	dá ndruidteá	dá ndruideadh sé, sí	dá ndruidimis; dá ndruideadh muid	dá ndruideadh sibh	dá ndruididís; dá ndruideadh siad	—	dá ndruidtí
imperative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
—	druidim	druid	druideadh sé, sí	druidimis	druidigí; druididh†	druididís	—	druidtear
past participle	druidte
verbal noun	druidim

^† archaic or dialect form
^‡ dependent form

Alternative forms

• (Connacht) doirt

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “druidim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 371; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “druid”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “druidim”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪ˠɾˠidʲ/

Noun

druid m

1. genitive singular of drud

Mutation

Mutated forms of druid

radical	lenition	eclipsis
druid	dhruid	ndruid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ɾu.əðʲ/
  • (Blasse) [ˈd̪ɾu.ɪðʲ]
  • (Griffith) [ˈd̪ɾu.ɨðʲ]

Noun

druïd

1. inflection of druí:
   1. accusative/dative singular
   2. nominative/vocative/accusative dual
   3. nominative plural

Mutation

Mutation of druid

radical	lenition	nasalization
druid	druid pronounced with /ð-/	ndruid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Polish

Etymology

From Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally “oak-knower”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) and *weyd- (“to see”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdru.it/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uit
• Syllabification: dru‧id

Noun

druid m pers (female equivalent druidka)

1. druid

Declension

Declension of druid

	singular	plural
nominative	druid	druidzi/druidy (deprecative)
genitive	druida	druidów
dative	druidowi	druidom
accusative	druida	druidów
instrumental	druidem	druidami
locative	druidzie	druidach
vocative	druidzie	druidzi

Further reading

• “druid”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[1] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “druid”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[2] (in Polish)

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French druide, from Latin Druidae.

Noun

druid m (plural druizi)

1. druid

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	druid	druidul	druizi	druizii
genitive-dative	druid	druidului	druizi	druizilor
vocative	druidule		druizilor

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪̊ɾɯtʲ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdī, from Proto-Indo-European *trosdos (“thrush”).

Noun

druid f (genitive singular druide, plural druidean)

1. starling

Etymology 2

From Old Irish druitid (“shuts, closes; moves close (to), presses (against); approaches; moves away from, abandons”), possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).

Verb

druid (past dhruid, future druididh, verbal noun druideadh, past participle druidte)

1. shut closely
2. (Barra) shut, close (in general)

   Synonym: dùin

3. cover
4. enclose, surround
5. advance, come up
6. join
7. hasten
8. step toward
9. approach, draw near

Alternative forms

• truid

Mutation

Mutation of druid

radical	lenition
druid	dhruid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Edward Dwelly (1911), “druid”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

Swedish

två druider

Noun

druid c

1. a druid

Declension

Declension of druid

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	druid	druids
	definite	druiden	druidens
plural	indefinite	druider	druiders
	definite	druiderna	druidernas

References

• “druid”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “druid”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “druid”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)