druid
English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from French druide, from Old French, via Latin Druidae, from Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally “oak-knower”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) and *weyd- (“to see”).
The earliest record of the term in Latin is by Julius Caesar in the first century B.C. in his De Bello Gallico. The native Celtic word for "druid" is first attested in Latin texts as druides (plural) and other texts also employ the form druidae (akin to the Greek form). Cognate with the later insular Celtic words, Old Irish druí (“druid, sorcerer”) and early Welsh dryw (“seer”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
druid (plural druids)
- One of an order of priests among certain groups of Celts before the adoption of Abrahamic religions.
Usage notes[edit]
- Often capitalized: Druid.
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
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Irish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdis, from Proto-Indo-European *trosdos (“thrush”); compare Latin turdus, German Drossel, and English thrush.
Noun[edit]
druid f (genitive singular druide, nominative plural druideanna)
Declension[edit]
Bare forms
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Forms with the definite article
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Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Old Irish druitid (“shuts, closes; moves close (to), presses (against); approaches; moves away from, abandons”), possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).
Verb[edit]
druid (present analytic druideann, future analytic druidfidh, verbal noun druidim, past participle druidte) (transitive, intransitive)
Conjugation[edit]
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Etymology 3[edit]
See the etymology of the main entry.
Noun[edit]
druid m
Mutation[edit]
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
druid | dhruid | ndruid |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading[edit]
- "druid" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
- Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “truit”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “druitid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Entries containing “druidim” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “druid” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Old Irish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
druïd
- inflection of druí:
Mutation[edit]
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
druïd | druïd pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/ |
ndruïd |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Polish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally “oak-knower”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) and *weyd- (“to see”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
druid m pers (feminine druidka)
Declension[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- druid in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From French druide, from Latin Druidae.
Noun[edit]
druid m (plural druizi)
Declension[edit]
Scottish Gaelic[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdi-, from Proto-Indo-European *trozdo- (“thrush”).
Noun[edit]
druid f (genitive singular druide, plural druidean)
Etymology 2[edit]
From Old Irish druitid (“shuts, closes; moves close (to), presses (against); approaches; moves away from, abandons”), possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).
Verb[edit]
druid (past dhruid, future druididh, verbal noun druideadh, past participle druidte)
Alternative forms[edit]
Mutation[edit]
Scottish Gaelic mutation | |
---|---|
Radical | Lenition |
druid | dhruid |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References[edit]
- “druid” in Edward Dwelly, Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan/The Illustrated [Scottish] Gaelic–English Dictionary, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, 1911, →ISBN.
- Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “truit”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “druitid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weyd-
- English terms borrowed from French
- English terms derived from French
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Gaulish
- English terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
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- English 2-syllable words
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- English lemmas
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- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
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- Irish lemmas
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- ga:Starlings
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Polish terms derived from Gaulish
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- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
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- pl:Paganism
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
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- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
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- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Scottish Gaelic lemmas
- Scottish Gaelic nouns
- Scottish Gaelic feminine nouns
- Scottish Gaelic verbs