druid

See also: Druid

English

Etymology

Borrowed from French druide, from Old French, via Latin Druidae, from Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally either “oak-knower” or “firm knower, great sage”), from either Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) or *drew- (“solid, firm, hard”) and *weyd- (“to see, to have knowledge”) (whence also English wizard; Proto-Slavic *vědьma (> Russian ве́дьма (védʹma))).

The earliest record of the term in Latin is by Julius Caesar in the first century B.C. in his De Bello Gallico. The native Celtic word for "druid" is first attested in Latin texts as druides (plural) and other texts also employ the form druidae (akin to the Greek form). Cognate with the later insular Celtic words, Old Irish druí (“druid, sorcerer”) and early Welsh dryw (“seer”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɹuː.ɪd/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uːɪd

Noun

druid (plural druids)

1. (historical) One of an order of priests among certain groups of Celts before the adoption of Abrahamic religions.
2. (fantasy, roleplaying games) A priest or mage who uses magic based on nature or trees.

Usage notes

• Often capitalized: Druid.

Derived terms

• archdruid
• druidcraft
• druidess
• druidic
• druidish
• druidism
• Druidry
• neo-druid

Descendants

• → Chinese: 德魯伊 / 德鲁伊 (délǔyī)
• → Japanese: ドルイド
• → Korean: 드루이드 (deuru'ideu)
• → Maori: ruiti
• → Russian: друи́д (druíd)

Translations

one of an order of Celtic priests

• Armenian: դրուիդ (hy) (druid)
• Breton: drouiz (br)
• Catalan: druida (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 德魯伊 / 德鲁伊 (dak¹ lou⁵ yi¹)

  Mandarin: 德魯伊 / 德鲁伊 (zh) (délǔyī), 督伊德 (dūyīdé)

• Cornish: drewydh
• Dutch: druïde (nl) m
• Esperanto: druido
• Estonian: druiid
• Finnish: druidi (fi)
• French: druide (fr) m
• Georgian: დრუიდი (druidi)
• German: Druide (de) m
• Greek: δρυίδης m (dryídis)
• Hungarian: druida (hu)
• Ido: druido (io)
• Irish: draoi m
• Italian: druida m or f, (uncommon) druido m
• Japanese: ドルイド (doruido)
• Korean: 드루이드 (deuru'ideu)
• Latin: Druida m
• Macedonian: дру́ид m (drúid)
• Manx: druaight m
• Maori: ruiti
• Norwegian: druide m
• Old English: drȳ m
• Polish: druid (pl) m, druidka (pl) f
• Portuguese: druida (pt) m
• Romanian: druid (ro) m
• Russian: друи́д (ru) m (druíd)
• Scottish Gaelic: draoidh m
• Spanish: druida (es) m
• Swedish: druid (sv)
• Walloon: drude (wa) m
• Welsh: derwydd m

Irish

FWOTD – 24 July 2019

Etymology 1

From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdī, from Proto-Indo-European *trosdos (“thrush”); compare Latin turdus, German Drossel, and English thrush.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪ˠɾˠidʲ/
• (Aran) IPA^(key): /d̪ˠɾˠedʲ/

Noun

druid f (genitive singular druide, nominative plural druideanna or druideacha)

1. starling, Sturnidae spp.

Declension

Declension of druid (second declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative druid druideanna vocative a dhruid a dhruideanna genitive druide druideanna dative druid druideanna forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an druid na druideanna genitive na druide na ndruideanna dative leis an druid don druid leis na druideanna

Alternative forms

• druideog, truid, truideog

Derived terms

• druid rósach (“rosy starling”)

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “druid”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 371; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “druid”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Etymology 2

From Middle Irish druitid (“to close, press (against)”), denominative from Middle Irish drut (“closing, pressing, approaching, leaving”). Possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪ˠɾˠidʲ/
• (Aran) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ˠɞɾˠədʲ/

Verb

druid (present analytic druideann, future analytic druidfidh, verbal noun druidim, past participle druidte) (ambitransitive)

1. (Ulster) close, shut

   Synonym: dún

2. To move relative to something. [with le ‘close to, near’; or with ar ‘upon’; or with ó ‘away from’]

Conjugation

conjugation of druid (first conjugation – A)

verbal noun	druidim
past participle	druidte
tense	singular			plural			relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative
present	druidim	druideann tú; druidir†	druideann sé, sí	druidimid	druideann sibh	druideann siad; druidid†	a dhruideann; a dhruideas / a ndruideann*	druidtear
past	dhruid mé; dhruideas	dhruid tú; dhruidis	dhruid sé, sí	dhruideamar; dhruid muid	dhruid sibh; dhruideabhair	dhruid siad; dhruideadar	a dhruid / ar dhruid*	druideadh
past habitual	dhruidinn / ndruidinn‡‡	dhruidteá / ndruidteᇇ	dhruideadh sé, sí / ndruideadh sé, s퇇	dhruidimis; dhruideadh muid / ndruidimis‡‡; ndruideadh muid‡‡	dhruideadh sibh / ndruideadh sibh‡‡	dhruididís; dhruideadh siad / ndruididís‡‡; ndruideadh siad‡‡	a dhruideadh / a ndruideadh*	dhruidtí / ndruidt퇇
future	druidfidh mé; druidfead	druidfidh tú; druidfir†	druidfidh sé, sí	druidfimid; druidfidh muid	druidfidh sibh	druidfidh siad; druidfid†	a dhruidfidh; a dhruidfeas / a ndruidfidh*	druidfear
conditional	dhruidfinn / ndruidfinn‡‡	dhruidfeá / ndruidfeᇇ	dhruidfeadh sé, sí / ndruidfeadh sé, s퇇	dhruidfimis; dhruidfeadh muid / ndruidfimis‡‡; ndruidfeadh muid‡‡	dhruidfeadh sibh / ndruidfeadh sibh‡‡	dhruidfidís; dhruidfeadh siad / ndruidfidís‡‡; ndruidfeadh siad‡‡	a dhruidfeadh / a ndruidfeadh*	dhruidfí / ndruidf퇇
subjunctive
present	go ndruide mé; go ndruidead†	go ndruide tú; go ndruidir†	go ndruide sé, sí	go ndruidimid; go ndruide muid	go ndruide sibh	go ndruide siad; go ndruidid†	—	go ndruidtear
past	dá ndruidinn	dá ndruidteá	dá ndruideadh sé, sí	dá ndruidimis; dá ndruideadh muid	dá ndruideadh sibh	dá ndruididís; dá ndruideadh siad	—	dá ndruidtí
imperative
–	druidim	druid	druideadh sé, sí	druidimis	druidigí; druididh†	druididís	—	druidtear

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Alternative forms

• (Connacht) doirt

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “druidim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 371; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “druid”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “druidim”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪ˠɾˠidʲ/

Noun

druid m

1. genitive singular of drud

Mutation

Mutated forms of druid

radical	lenition	eclipsis
druid	dhruid	ndruid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ɾu.əðʲ/
  • (Blasse) [ˈd̪ɾu.ɪðʲ]
  • (Griffith) [ˈd̪ɾu.ɨðʲ]

Noun

druïd

1. inflection of druí:
   1. accusative/dative singular
   2. nominative/vocative/accusative dual
   3. nominative plural

Mutation

Mutation of druid

radical	lenition	nasalization
druid	druid pronounced with /ð-/	ndruid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Polish

Etymology

From Gaulish *druwits, from Proto-Celtic *druwits (literally “oak-knower”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”) and *weyd- (“to see”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdru.it/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uit
• Syllabification: dru‧id

Noun

druid m pers (female equivalent druidka)

1. druid

Declension

Declension of druid

	singular	plural
nominative	druid	druidzi/druidy (deprecative)
genitive	druida	druidów
dative	druidowi	druidom
accusative	druida	druidów
instrumental	druidem	druidami
locative	druidzie	druidach
vocative	druidzie	druidzi

Further reading

• druid in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• druid in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French druide, from Latin Druidae.

Noun

druid m (plural druizi)

1. druid

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	druid	druidul		druizi	druizii
genitive-dative	druid	druidului		druizi	druizilor
vocative	druidule			druizilor

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology 1

From Old Irish truit f (“starling”), from Proto-Celtic *trozdī, from Proto-Indo-European *trosdos (“thrush”).

Noun

druid f (genitive singular druide, plural druidean)

1. starling

Etymology 2

From Old Irish druitid (“shuts, closes; moves close (to), presses (against); approaches; moves away from, abandons”), possibly related to Welsh drws (“door”).

Verb

druid (past dhruid, future druididh, verbal noun druideadh, past participle druidte)

1. shut closely
2. (Barra) shut, close (in general)

   Synonym: dùin

3. cover
4. enclose, surround
5. advance, come up
6. join
7. hasten
8. step toward
9. approach, draw near

Alternative forms

• truid

Mutation

Mutation of druid

radical	lenition
druid	dhruid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• Edward Dwelly (1911), “druid”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “truit”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “druitid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Swedish

två druider

Noun

druid c

1. a druid

Declension

Declension of druid

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	druid	druids
	definite	druiden	druidens
plural	indefinite	druider	druiders
	definite	druiderna	druidernas

References

• druid in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• druid in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• druid in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)