erguer

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese erger (13th c., Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *ergere, from Latin ērigere. The modern verb has been rebuilt around the conjugation ergo (“I raise”), hence the other inflexions now all have /ɡ/ rather than the /ʃ/ one would expect from medieval forms like erger. Portuguese erguer and Spanish erguir were rebuilt in the same manner. Doublet of erixir, which was borrowed from Latin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eɾˈɡeɾ/

Verb

erguer (first-person singular present ergo, first-person singular preterite erguín, past participle erguido, short past participle ergueito)
erguer (first-person singular present ergo, first-person singular preterite erguim or ergui, past participle erguido, reintegrationist norm)

1. (transitive) to lift up, to elevate, to raise
   • 1390, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Os Miragres de Santiago. Versión gallega del Códice latino del siglo XII atribuido al papa Calisto I, Madrid: C. S. I. C, page 222:

     Deus [...] a ti ergemos nosas mãos et nosos braços en semellança de cruz

     God [...] to you we raise our hands and our arms in the sign of the cross

   • 2021, Tenue, Territorios [song]:

     Agora que sabemos que todos os camiños
     Que construímos foron erixidos sobre cadáveres
     Agora que entendemos que erguemos a cada tirano
     Que nos someteu baixo o fascio e a espada
     Agora que aceptamos que fomos nós xs
     Que alzamos os muros que comprimiron os nosos tórax
     Sepultando os nosos corazóns...
     Decidimos encomendar a nosa existencia á súa destrución
     Ata que, dentro de nós, cada deserto se converta en oasis
     Cada ferida en fervenza e cada bágoa en torrente

     Now that we know that every road
     we made was founded on corpses;
     Now that we understand that we raised every tyrant
     that subdued us with fascio and sword;
     Now that we accept that we were the ones
     who built the walls which compressed our torsos,
     entombing our hearts...
     We decide to commit our existence to their destruction
     till, inside of us, each desert becomes an oasis,
     each wound a waterfall, each tear a torrent.

2. (transitive) to build, to erect
   • 1315, E. Duro Peña (ed.), El Monasterio de S. Pedro de Rocas y su colección documental. Ourense: Instituto de Estudios Orensanos "Padre Feijoo", page 173:

     e ergeredes as casas que y estám

     and you shall raise the houses that are there

   • 1347, Clara Rodríguez Núñez (ed.), "Santa María de Belvís, un convento mendicante femenino en la Baja Edad Media (1305-1400)", in Estudios Mindonienses, 5, page 425:

     se as ditas priora et convento queseren erger a dita casa doutro sobrado ou faser bavor? que façan et ergan en maneyra que non entargem o viso das feestras do balcon da outra mina casa que esta a so nesta

     if the aforementioned prioress and convent would want to erect another story or make a balcony, that they should do and build so as they don't obstruct the view of the windows of the balcony of my other house which is near this one

3. (transitive) to winnow
4. (takes a reflexive pronoun) to get up, to stand up
   • 1390, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Os Miragres de Santiago. Versión gallega del Códice latino del siglo XII atribuido al papa Calisto I, Madrid: C. S. I. C, page 12:

     hũu caualeiro moi boo que avia nome Gomes, moraua cabo d'aquel lugar, et avia grã peça que avia door grãde, et era mãquo que se nõ podia erger do leito

     a very good knight named Gómez, who lived around there and has had a large pain for a long time and was sick, and couldn't get up from his bed

   • 1859, R. Barros Sibelo, Un dia de desfertuna:

     aló no mes de xaneiro da cama me erguín lixeiro pra ir á feira de Ourense; Era un día de invernada de brétoma marrullento; de aquelas mañás, que o vento corta o carís coa xiada; Senteime no leito axiña e dempois de me escofar empeceime a santiguar na boca cunha cruciña; Funme co frío a sentar collendo os socos de amieiro, casi medio priguiseiro preto da pedra do lar; Da miña pobre lareira dempois que estive a carón, cun apagado tizón revolvín a borralleira; Dúas brasas apañei, dentro do soco as metín e abaleino cara min astra que ó fin o quitei; Feito esto con boa fe para ter calor no centro puxen dous follatos dentro e dempois metín o pé

     back in January, I swiftly got up from my bed to go to the fair of Ourense. It was a wintry day, unruly, misty; one of those mornings when the wind cuts the face with the frost. I promptly sat down on bed and, after scratching myself, I crossed myself in the mouth with a little cross. Grabbing the clogs of alder, I went with the cold to sit, almost as a mendicant, by the hearthstone. From my poor fireplace, after I was by its side, with a burn out stick I stirred the ashes; I picked up two embers, inside the clog I put them, and I tilted it towards me till I took it out. This done, with good faith, for having hot at the centre, I put two corn husk leaves, and then I put my feet in

Conjugation

    Conjugation of erguer (irregular short past participle; g-gu alternation)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	erguer
Personal	erguer	ergueres	erguer	erguermos	erguerdes	ergueren
Gerund
	erguendo
Short past participle
Masculine	ergueito1			ergueitos1
Feminine	ergueita1			ergueitas1
Long past participle
Masculine	erguido2			erguidos2
Feminine	erguida2			erguidas2
Indicative
Present	ergo	ergues	ergue	erguemos	erguedes	erguen
Imperfect	erguía	erguías	erguía	erguiamos	erguiades	erguían
Preterite	erguín	erguiches	ergueu	erguemos	erguestes	ergueron
Pluperfect	erguera	ergueras	erguera	ergueramos	erguerades	ergueran
Future	erguerei	erguerás	erguerá	ergueremos	ergueredes	erguerán
Conditional	erguería	erguerías	erguería	ergueriamos	ergueriades	erguerían
Subjunctive
Present	erga	ergas	erga	ergamos	ergades	ergan
Imperfect	erguese	ergueses	erguese	erguésemos	erguésedes	erguesen
Future	erguer	ergueres	erguer	erguermos	erguerdes	ergueren
Imperative
Affirmative		ergue	erga	ergamos	erguede	ergan
Negative (non)		non ergas	non erga	non ergamos	non ergades	non ergan

¹Usually used with auxiliary verbs ser and estar.
²Usually used with auxiliary verbs haber and ter.

    Reintegrated conjugation of erguer (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	erguer
Personal	erguer	ergueres	erguer	erguermos	erguerdes	erguerem
Gerund
	erguendo
Past participle
Masculine	erguido			erguidos
Feminine	erguida			erguidas
Indicative
Present	ergo	ergues	ergue	erguemos	erguedes, ergueis	erguem
Imperfect	erguia	erguias	erguia	erguíamos	erguíades, erguíeis, erguíais1	erguiam
Preterite	erguim, ergui	ergueste, ergueche1	ergueu	erguemos	erguestes	erguêrom, ergueram
Pluperfect	erguera	ergueras	erguera	erguêramos	erguêrades, erguêreis, erguêrais1	ergueram
Future	erguerei	erguerás	erguerá	ergueremos	ergueredes, erguereis	erguerám, erguerão
Conditional	ergueria	erguerias	ergueria	ergueríamos	ergueríades, ergueríeis, ergueríais1	ergueriam
Subjunctive
Present	erga	ergas	erga	ergamos	ergades, ergais	ergam
Imperfect	erguesse	erguesses	erguesse	erguêssemos	erguêssedes, erguêsseis	erguessem
Future	erguer	ergueres	erguer	erguermos	erguerdes	erguerem
Imperative
Affirmative		ergue	erga	ergamos	erguede, erguei	ergam
Negative (nom)		nom ergas	nom erga	nom ergamos	nom ergades, nom ergais	nom ergam

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

• enxergar
• erixir

References

• “erger” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
• “erge” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
• “erguer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “erguer” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “erguer” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• “erguer” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese erger, from Vulgar Latin *ergere, from Latin ērigere. The modern verb has been rebuilt around the conjugation ergo (“to raise”), hence the other inflexions now all have /ɡ/ rather than the /ʒ/ one would expect from medieval forms like erger. Galician erguer and Spanish erguir were rebuilt in the same manner. Doublet of erigir, which was borrowed from Latin.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /eʁˈɡe(ʁ)/ [eɦˈɡe(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /eʁˈɡe(ʁ)/ [eɦˈɡe(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /eɾˈɡe(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /eʁˈɡe(ʁ)/ [eʁˈɡe(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /eɻˈɡe(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /iɾˈɡeɾ/ [iɾˈɣeɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /iɾˈɡeɾ/ [iɾˈɣeɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /iɾˈɡe.ɾi/ [iɾˈɣe.ɾi]

• Hyphenation: er‧guer

Verb

erguer (first-person singular present ergo, first-person singular preterite ergui, past participle erguido)

1. (transitive) to lift up, elevate
2. (transitive) to build, erect

Conjugation

    Conjugation of erguer (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	erguer
Personal	erguer	ergueres	erguer	erguermos	erguerdes	erguerem
Gerund
	erguendo
Past participle
Masculine	erguido			erguidos
Feminine	erguida			erguidas
Indicative
Present	ergo	ergues	ergue	erguemos	ergueis	erguem
Imperfect	erguia	erguias	erguia	erguíamos	erguíeis	erguiam
Preterite	ergui	ergueste	ergueu	erguemos	erguestes	ergueram
Pluperfect	erguera	ergueras	erguera	erguêramos	erguêreis	ergueram
Future	erguerei	erguerás	erguerá	ergueremos	erguereis	erguerão
Conditional	ergueria	erguerias	ergueria	ergueríamos	ergueríeis	ergueriam
Subjunctive
Present	erga	ergas	erga	ergamos	ergais	ergam
Imperfect	erguesse	erguesses	erguesse	erguêssemos	erguêsseis	erguessem
Future	erguer	ergueres	erguer	erguermos	erguerdes	erguerem
Imperative
Affirmative		ergue	erga	ergamos	erguei	ergam
Negative (não)		não ergas	não erga	não ergamos	não ergais	não ergam

Related terms

• erigir

Further reading

• “erguer” in iDicionário Aulete.
• “erguer” in Dicionário inFormal.
• “erguer” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
• “erguer” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024.
• “erguer” in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa.
• “erguer” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.