graben
English
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from German Graben (“ditch”), from the verb graben (“to dig”).
Noun
[edit]graben (plural grabens or graben)
- (geology) An elongated block of the Earth's crust, bounded by faults, that has dropped relative to the surrounding area.
- Antonym: horst
- Coordinate term: fault
- Hyponym: rift valley
- 1959, Robert G. Yates, George A. Thompson, Geology and Quicksilver Deposits of the Terlingua District, Texas, U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 312, page 49,
- The magnitude and shape of the large grabens strongly suggest that, when they formed, material much more mobile than ordinary rocks was present at a depth no greater than a few miles.
- 1969, V. V. Beloussov, “Contintal Rifts”, in Pembroke J. Hart, editor, The Earth's Crust and Upper Mantle, page 539:
- This system includes the Syrian and Lebanese grabens; the grabens of the Dead Sea, Wadi al Arabah, Gulfs of Aqaba and Suez, Red Sea, and Gulf of Aden; and the Ethiopian graben.
- 1997, Jean-Marie Rouchy, 2: Paleogene Continental Rift System of Western Europe, Georges Busson, B. Charlotte Schreiber (editors), Sedimentary Deposition in Rift and Foreland Basins in France and Spain (Paleogene and Lower Neogene), page 83,
- Migration of the subsidence axis has been revealed by the detailed sedimentological studies in most of these grabens, particularly in the Bresse basin (Curial 1986; Moretto 1986/1987) and in Manosque-Forcalquier.
- 2015, C. F. Burgess, et al., Chapter 35: The Structural and Stratigraphic Evolution of Lake Tanganyika: A Case Study of Continental Rifting, W. Manspeizer (editor), Triassic-Jurassic Rifting: Continental Breakup and the Origin of the Atlantic Ocean and Passive Margins, Part A, page 866,
- These distinct zones of strike-slip or scissor faulting which separate adjacent half-grabens were termed interbasinal ridges and hinged highs by Rosendahl et al. (1986).
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]Further reading
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German graben, from Old High German graban, from Proto-West Germanic *graban. Cognate with English grave (“to dig”), Polish grzebać (“to bury”), Czech hřésti (“to bury”). Doublet of gravieren.
Compare German Grab (“grave”), Serbo-Croatian and Slovene grob (“grave”), Czech and Slovak hrob (“grave”), Polish grób (“grave”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈɡʁaːbən/, [ˈɡʁaːbm̩] (Germany)
Audio (Germany (Berlin)): (file) - IPA(key): /ˈɡʁaːbɛn/, [ˈɡʁaːbɱ̩] (Austria)
Audio (Austria): (file) Audio (Germany (Berlin)): (file) - Hyphenation: gra‧ben
- Homophone: Graben
- Rhymes: -aːbn̩
Verb
[edit]graben (class 6 strong, third-person singular present gräbt, past tense grub, past participle gegraben, past subjunctive grübe, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive or intransitive) to dig
- (transitive, intransitive or reflexive, of an animal) to burrow
Conjugation
[edit]| infinitive | graben | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | grabend | ||||
| past participle | gegraben | ||||
| auxiliary | haben | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich grabe | wir graben | i | ich grabe | wir graben |
| du gräbst | ihr grabt | du grabest | ihr grabet | ||
| er gräbt | sie graben | er grabe | sie graben | ||
| preterite | ich grub | wir gruben | ii | ich grübe1 | wir grüben1 |
| du grubst | ihr grubt | du grübest1 du grübst1 |
ihr grübet1 ihr grübt1 | ||
| er grub | sie gruben | er grübe1 | sie grüben1 | ||
| imperative | grab (du) grabe (du) |
grabt (ihr) | |||
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]- abgraben
- angraben
- aufgraben
- ausgraben
- begraben
- druntergraben
- durchgraben
- eingraben
- ergraben
- Graben
- Grabkäfer
- herausgraben
- hereingraben
- herumgraben
- hervorgraben
- hinausgraben
- hineingraben
- hinterhergraben
- hinübergraben
- losgraben
- nachgraben
- rausgraben
- reingraben
- rumgraben
- umgraben
- untergraben
- vergraben
- vorbeigraben
- vorgraben
- weitergraben
- zugraben
- zurückgraben
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “graben”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache[1] (in German)
- “graben” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “graben” in Duden online
- “graben” in OpenThesaurus.de
Middle High German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old High German graban, from Proto-Germanic *grabaną.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]graben (class 6 strong, third-person singular present grebet, past tense gruop, past participle gegraben, past subjunctive grüebe, auxiliary hān)
- (intransitive) to dig
- (transitive) [with accusative] to dig
- (transitive) [with accusative] to bury
- (transitive) [with accusative] to engrave
Conjugation
[edit]| infinitive | graben | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| genitive gerund | grabennes grabenes | ||||
| dative gerund | grabenne grabene | ||||
| present participle | grabende | ||||
| past participle | gegraben | ||||
| auxiliary | hān | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich grabe | wir graben | i | ich grabe | wir graben |
| du grebest | ir grabet | du grabest | ir grabet | ||
| ër grebet | sie grabent | ër grabe | sie graben | ||
| preterite | ich gruop | wir gruoben | ii | ich grüebe | wir grüeben |
| du grüebe | ir gruobet | du grüebest | ir grüebet | ||
| ër gruop | sie gruoben | ër grüebe | sie grüeben | ||
| imperative | grap (du) | grabet (ir) | |||
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “graben”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]graben n (plural grabene)
Declension
[edit]| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative-accusative | graben | grabenul | grabene | grabenele |
| genitive-dative | graben | grabenului | grabene | grabenelor |
| vocative | grabenule | grabenelor | ||
References
[edit]- graben in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN
Spanish
[edit]Verb
[edit]graben
- inflection of grabar:
- English terms borrowed from German
- English terms derived from German
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- English indeclinable nouns
- en:Geology
- English terms with quotations
- en:Landforms
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German doublets
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German terms with homophones
- Rhymes:German/aːbn̩
- Rhymes:German/aːbn̩/2 syllables
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German strong verbs
- German class 6 strong verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German transitive verbs
- German intransitive verbs
- German reflexive verbs
- Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German
- Middle High German terms derived from Old High German
- Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle High German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle High German lemmas
- Middle High German verbs
- Middle High German strong verbs
- Middle High German class 6 strong verbs
- Middle High German verbs using hān as auxiliary
- Middle High German intransitive verbs
- Middle High German transitive verbs
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish verb forms