karang

See also: Karang

Atong (India)

Etymology

Cognate with Garo grang.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /karaŋ/

Noun

karang (Bengali script কারাং)

1. wing

References

• van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈkaraŋ/ [ˈka.raŋ]
• Rhymes: -araŋ
• Syllabification: ka‧rang

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay karang, from Classical Malay karang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *karaŋ (“coral, limestone”). Cognate with Old Javanese karaṅ (“coral, reef”).

Noun

karang (plural karang-karang)

1. coral, a hard substance made of the limestone skeletons of marine polyps

   Synonym: koral

2. (proscribed) coral reef, a reef formed by compacted coral skeletons

   Synonyms: terumbu, terumbu karang

Derived terms

Affixations

• berkarang
• karang-karangan
• karangan
• mengarang
• perkarangan
• terkarang

Compounds

• karang ahermatipik
• karang endapan
• karang gigi
• karang hermatifik
• karang hermatipik
• karang hias
• karang laut
• karang otak
• karang sedimenter
• karang tubir

• batu karang
• bunga karang
• ikan karang
• pasir karang
• penyakit karang
• pulau karang
• sebekah karang
• tinjau karang

Etymology 2

Inherited from Malay karang (Java Malay), from Javanese ꦏꦫꦁ (karang, “yard”), from Old Javanese karaṅ (“place, yard”).

Noun

karang (plural karang-karang)

1. assembly point

   Synonyms: gelanggang, tikum

Derived terms

• pekarangan

• karang apitan
• karang balita
• karang baya
• karang boros wong
• karang buta salah wetu
• karang butadengen
• karang dewa ngukuhin
• karang emet
• karang gerah
• karang gizi
• karang kagantung
• karang kalarahu
• karang kalingkuhan
• karang karubuhan
• karang keputraan
• karang ketampiasan
• karang kopek
• karang kuta kabanda
• karang mambu
• karang manyelengking
• karang negen
• karang numbak tembok
• karang panes
• karang peteng
• karang prekanti
• karang taruna
• karang werda

• baku karang

Etymology 3

Inherited from Malay karang, from Classical Malay karang, from Javanese ꦏꦫꦁ (karang, “article: piece of writing; flower headdress”), from Old Javanese karaṅ (“garland”). Semantic loan from Balinese karang.

Verb

karang

1. to compose, to create

   Synonyms: gubah, jalin, rangkai, sunting, susun

2. imperative of mengarang

Noun

karang (plural karang-karang)

1. (architecture, Bali) building ornaments in the form of carvings

Derived terms

• berkarang
• karang-mengarang
• karangan
• kepengarangan
• mengarang
• mengarang-ngarang
• pengarang

Etymology 4

Adverb

karang

1. later, soon.

   Synonyms: nanti, kelak, sebentar lagi

Derived terms

Affixations

• sekarang (“now”)

Compounds

• malam karang

Further reading

• “karang”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Javanese

Romanization

karang

1. romanization of ꦏꦫꦁ

Karao

Noun

karang

1. span from the extended middle finger to the thumb

Makasar

Noun

karang (Lontara spelling ᨀᨑ)

1. alternative spelling of karàng

Malay

Pronunciation

• (schwa-variety, Baku, Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /ˈkaraŋ/ [ˈka.raŋ]
• Rhymes: -raŋ, -aŋ
• Hyphenation: ka‧rang

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *karaŋ (“coral, limestone”).

Noun

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ, plural karang-karang or karang²)

1. A coral.
2. A coral reef.
3. An atoll.

Derived terms

Affixations

• berkarang
• karang-karangan
• karangan
• perkarangan
• terkarang (archaic)

Compounds

• batu karang
• bunga karang
• penyakit karang
• tinjau karang

Etymology 2

Probably from Old Javanese karaṇa (“writer; poet”), from Sanskrit करण (karaṇa, “writer; scribe”).

Noun

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ, plural karang-karang or karang²)

1. A composition or arrangement.

   Synonyms: sunting, gubahan

Verb

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ, active mengarang, 3rd person passive dikarang)

1. To compose (of music, songs, and writing).

   Synonyms: gubah, reka, tulis

2. To arrange (of flowers, pottery, and others).

   Synonym: gubah

3. To make up, to fabricate.

Derived terms

• karang-mengarang
• karangan
• karangkan
• kepengarangan
• pengarang
• terkarang

Etymology 3

Adverb

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ)

1. Later, soon.

   Synonyms: nanti, kelak

Derived terms

Affixations

• sekarang (“now”)

Compounds

• malam karang

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

karang (used in the form pekarangan)

1. The front yard of a house.
2. Kampung land.

Etymology 5

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ, plural also used in the form or karangan)

1. (obsolete) An abode; a place where someone lives.

   Synonym: tempat tinggal

Etymology 6

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ, plural karang-karang or karang²)

1. archaic form of kerang

Etymology 7

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ)

1. (Jakarta) Invulnerable.

Etymology 8

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

karang (Jawi spelling کارڠ)

1. (archaic) By oneself only.

Further reading

• "karang" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Maranao

Noun

karang

1. reef

Sundanese

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *karaŋ.

Noun

karang (Sundanese script ᮊᮛᮀ)

1. coral
2. limestone

Derived terms

• batu karang

Etymology 2

From Old Javanese karaṅ (“place; yard; residence”).

Noun

karang (Sundanese script ᮊᮛᮀ)

1. yard

Derived terms

• pakarangan

Etymology 3

Uncertain.

Noun

karang (Sundanese script ᮊᮛᮀ)

1. mole; nevus; beauty spot

   Synonyms: tai laleur, (Banten) hunung

Etymology 4

From Old Javanese karaṅ (“garland”).

Verb

karang (Sundanese script ᮊᮛᮀ, active ngarang)

1. to compose a piece (of art, song, literature, etc.)
2. to make up; to fabricate
3. to conceive

Derived terms

• dikarang
• karangan
• ngarang

Further reading

• "KARANG", in Coolsma, S (1913), Soendaneesch-Hollandsch Woordenboek (in Dutch), Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff's Uitgeversmaatschappij

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈkaɾaŋ/ [ˈkaː.ɾɐŋ]
• Rhymes: -aɾaŋ
• Syllabification: ka‧rang

Noun

karang (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜇᜅ᜔)

1. temporary shed or awning
2. shed or roof-covering for native boats, usually made of nipa or woven bamboo splits
3. leather or felt uppers of shoes or slippers
4. float used in parades

Derived terms

• ikarang
• karangan
• karangin
• magkarang
• palakarangan

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /kaˈɾaŋ/ [kɐˈɾaŋ]
• Rhymes: -aŋ
• Syllabification: ka‧rang

Noun

karáng (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜇᜅ᜔)

1. stamping of feet, as in anger or in playing

Derived terms

• ikarang
• karangan
• kumarang

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Malay karang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *karaŋ (“coral, limestone”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /kaˈɾaŋ/ [kɐˈɾaŋ]
• Rhymes: -aŋ
• Syllabification: ka‧rang

Noun

karáng (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜇᜅ᜔)

1. coral reef or atoll

See also

• tangrib

Further reading

• “karang”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018

Taroko

Noun

karang

1. crab