coral
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French coral (French corail), from Latin corallium, from Ancient Greek κοράλλιον (korállion, “coral”). Probably ultimately of Semitic origin,[1] compare Hebrew גּוֹרָל (goral, “small pebble”), Arabic جَرَل (jaral, “small stone”), originally referring to the red variety found in the Mediterranean. Since ancient times, a common folk etymology, accepted by some earlier scholars, connected the word instead to Ancient Greek κόρη (kórē) (referring to Medusa).[2][3][4] Beekes mentions both theories and considers the Semitic one convincing.[5]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈkɒɹəl/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈkɔɚɹəl/
- (General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈkɔɹəl/
- Rhymes: -ɒɹəl, -ɔːɹəl
Noun
[edit]coral (countable and uncountable, plural corals)
- (countable) Any of many species of marine invertebrates in the class Anthozoa, most of which build hard calcium carbonate skeletons and form colonies, or a colony belonging to one of those species.
- (uncountable) A hard substance made of the skeletons of these organisms.
- (countable) A somewhat yellowish orange-pink color; the color of red coral (Corallium rubrum) of the Mediterranean Sea, commonly used as an ornament or gem.
- coral:
- 1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:
- The coral faded even from her lips, till they were as white as Leo's face, and quivered pitifully.
- The ovaries of a cooked lobster; so called from their color.
- (historical) A piece of coral, usually fitted with small bells and other appurtenances, used by children as a plaything.
- 1859, Wilkie Collins, The Woman in White[1]:
- On the very chair which I used to occupy when I was at work Marian was sitting now, with the child industriously sucking his coral upon her lap.
Translations
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Adjective
[edit]coral (not comparable)
- Made of coral.
- Having the orange-pink color of coral.
Translations
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Derived terms
[edit]- angel skin coral (Corallium secundum et al.)
- bamboo coral (Isididae)
- black coral (Antipatharia spp.)
- blue coral (Helicopora coerulea)
- brain coral, brainstone coral (in families Mussidae and Merulinidae)
- branch coral (Acropora florida)
- bubblegum coral (Paragorgia arborea)
- burrowing false coral (Aniliidae spp.)
- cactus coral (Mussidae spp.)
- chain coral (†Halysites spp.)
- coral aloe
- coral bean (Erythrina herbacea)
- coral bells (Heuchera)
- coral berry/coralberry (Aechmea fulgens, Ardisia crenata, Ilex verticillata, Symphoricarpos orbiculatus)
- coral bleaching
- coralbush (Jatropha multifida)
- coraled
- coral fern (Gleichenia spp.)
- coralfish (Chaetodontidae spp.)
- coral fungus
- Coral Gables
- coral heath (Epacris microphylla)
- coral insect
- coralise/coralize
- coral island
- corallaceous
- coraller
- corallet
- corallian
- coralliferous
- coralliform
- coralligenous
- coralligerous
- corallike
- coralline
- corallite
- corallivore
- corallivorous
- coralloid
- coralloidal
- corally
- coralology
- coral plant
- coral rag
- coral reef
- coralroot (Corallorhiza; Cardamine bulbifera)
- Coral Sea
- coral snake (in family Elapidae)
- Coral Springs
- coral stitch
- coral tree (Erythrina spp.)
- coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus)
- coralwood (Adenanthera pavonina; Guibourtia spp.)
- coralwort
- cup coral (Balanophyllia bonaespei, Turbinaria spp.)
- dusty coral
- elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata)
- fan coral (Gorgonia et al. spp.)
- favid coral (Mussidae spp.)
- feather coral (†Tetracoralla or †Rugosa spp.)
- finger coral (Millepora alcicornis)
- fire coral (Millepora spp.)
- ginger coral (Millepora alcicornis)
- golfball coral (Agaricites humilis)
- great star coral (Montastaea cavernosa)
- hard coral (Scleractinia spp.)
- Hawaiian gold coral (Kulamanamana haumeaae)
- hexacoral (Hexacorallia spp.)
- honeycomb coral (†Favosites et al. spp.)
- horn coral (†Rugosa spp.)
- horny coral (Gorgonacea spp.)
- hydrocoral, hydroid coral (Milleporina and Stylasterina spp.)
- Indian coral tree
- ivory bush coral (Oculina varicosa)
- ivory coral (Oculinidae spp.)
- lace coral (Fenestellidae spp.)
- Lamarck's sheet coral (Agaricites lamarcki)
- leaf coral (Bossea orbigniana)
- lettuce corals (Agaricia spp.)
- madreporian coral (Scleractinia spp.)
- moss coral (Bryozoa spp.)
- mushroom coral (Fungiidae spp.)
- noncoral
- octocoral (Alcyonaria spp.)
- old coral
- open brain coral (Trachyphyllia geoffroyi)
- organ-pipe coral, organ coral (Tubipora spp.)
- pillar coral (Denrogyra cylindrus))
- pink coral
- precious coral (= red coral)
- purple coral (Alloclavaria purpurea)
- red coral (Corallium rubrum et al.)
- rose coral (Agaricia tenuifolia)
- scroll coral (Agaricia undata)
- sea whip coral (Gorgonacea spp.)
- seed coral
- skull coral
- soft coral (Alcyonacea spp.)
- staghorn coral (Acropora cervicornis)
- star coral (Orbicella et al. spp.)
- stone coral, stony coral (Scleractinia spp.)
- sunflower coral (Receptaculites spp.)
- tabulate coral (Tabulata spp.)
- thorny coral (Antipatharia spp.)
- tooth coral (Mussidae spp.)
- tree coral (Oculinidae spp.)
- true coral (Madreporaria)
- tube coral (Agaricia agaricites)
- whip coral (Gorgonacea spp.)
- white coral (Amphihelia oculata)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Lewy, Heinrich (1895) Die semitischen Fremdwörter im Griechischen (in German), Berlin: R. Gaertner’s Verlagsbuchhandlung, pages 18–19
- ^ See e.g. Lithica (one of the Orphic poems), 510-610, and Pliny the Elder, Natural History, book XXXII, line 11.
- ^ C. W. King, The Natural History of Gems or Decorative Stones, 1867, Bell & Daldy, London, pp. 100–101.
- ^ Liddell and Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, Harpers & Brothers, New York, 1846, p. 792.
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Anagrams
[edit]Asturian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Leonese cor, from a derivative of Latin cor with a group suffix -al. Doublet of corazu, corazón, and cuer.
Noun
[edit]coral f (plural corales) or corales
Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from Spanish coral.
Noun
[edit]coral f (plural corales)
Etymology 3
[edit]Borrowed from Spanish coral.
Noun
[edit]coral m (plural corales)
- coral
Catalan
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Adjective
[edit]coral m or f (masculine and feminine plural corals)
Etymology 2
[edit]Adjective
[edit]coral m or f (masculine and feminine plural corals)
Noun
[edit]coral m (plural corals)
Etymology 3
[edit]Borrowed from Latin corallium, from Ancient Greek κοράλλιον (korállion).
Noun
[edit]coral m (plural corals)
- coral (organism)
Derived terms
[edit]Galician
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese coral, borrowed from Old French coral, from Latin corallium, from Ancient Greek κοράλλιον (korállion).
Noun
[edit]coral m (plural corais)
- (zoology) coral
- 1395, Antonio López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 160:
- mando a miña Neta Tareija sanches todo o aliofar et coraes que eu ey et os esmaltes et o meu Reliquario esmaltado et a miña Cunca de plata dourada et as miñas doas de ouro
- I send to my granddaughter Tareixa Sanchez all of my pearls and corals, and the enamels, and my enamelled relicary and my gilded silver bowl and my beads of gold
- coral (color)
- roe (the eggs or ovaries of certain crustaceans)
- Synonym: míllaras
- sea fan (Eunicella verrucosa)
Etymology 2
[edit]Adjective
[edit]coral m or f (plural corais)
Noun
[edit]coral f (plural corais)
References
[edit]- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “coral”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “coral”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “coral”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “coral”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “coral”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Old Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Old French coral, from Latin corallium, from Ancient Greek κοράλλιον (korállion).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]coral m (plural corales)
Descendants
[edit]Portuguese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
Etymology 1
[edit]Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin chorālis. By surface analysis, coro + -al.
Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]coral m (plural corais)
- (music) choir (ensemble of people who sing together)
- Synonym: coro
- (music) choral song (song written for a choir to perform)
- (music) chorale (a Lutheran hymn)
- (figurative) a group of people, creatures or objects making noise together
Adjective
[edit]coral m or f (plural corais)
Etymology 2
[edit]From Late Latin corallum or Latin corallium, from Ancient Greek κοράλλιον (korállion, “coral”), of uncertain origin.
Noun
[edit]coral m (plural corais)
- coral (any of various species of anthozoans)
- coral (the skeleton of marine polyps)
- coral (colony of marine polyps)
- coral (a yellowish pink color)
Noun
[edit]coral f (plural corais)
- Ellipsis of cobra-coral.
Adjective
[edit]coral m or f (plural corais)
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Adjective
[edit]coral m or n (feminine singular corală, masculine plural corali, feminine and neuter plural corale)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
nominative- accusative |
indefinite | coral | corală | corali | corale | |||
definite | coralul | corala | coralii | coralele | ||||
genitive- dative |
indefinite | coral | corale | corali | corale | |||
definite | coralului | coralei | coralilor | coralelor |
Spanish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old Spanish coral, from Old French coral, from Latin corallium, from Ancient Greek κοράλλιον (korállion).
Noun
[edit]coral m (plural corales)
Derived terms
[edit]Adjective
[edit]coral m or f (masculine and feminine plural corales)
- coral (color)
Etymology 2
[edit]Adjective
[edit]coral m or f (masculine and feminine plural corales)
Derived terms
[edit]Noun
[edit]coral m (plural corales)
Further reading
[edit]- “coral”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Latin
- English terms derived from Ancient Greek
- English terms derived from Semitic languages
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- English 3-syllable words
- English terms with homophones
- Rhymes:English/ɒɹəl
- Rhymes:English/ɒɹəl/2 syllables
- Rhymes:English/ɔːɹəl
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with historical senses
- English adjectives
- English uncomparable adjectives
- en:Cnidarians
- en:Gems
- en:Oranges
- en:Pinks
- Asturian terms inherited from Old Leonese
- Asturian terms derived from Old Leonese
- Asturian terms inherited from Latin
- Asturian terms derived from Latin
- Asturian doublets
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian nouns
- Asturian feminine nouns
- Asturian terms with usage examples
- Asturian masculine nouns
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan terms suffixed with -al
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan adjectives
- Catalan epicene adjectives
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan countable nouns
- Catalan masculine nouns
- Catalan terms borrowed from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms borrowed from Old French
- Galician terms derived from Old French
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Galician lemmas
- Galician nouns
- Galician countable nouns
- Galician masculine nouns
- gl:Zoology
- Galician terms with quotations
- Galician terms suffixed with -al
- Galician adjectives
- Galician feminine nouns
- Old Spanish terms borrowed from Old French
- Old Spanish terms derived from Old French
- Old Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Old Spanish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Old Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Spanish lemmas
- Old Spanish nouns
- Old Spanish masculine nouns
- Old Spanish terms with quotations
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Rhymes:Portuguese/al
- Rhymes:Portuguese/al/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Portuguese/aw
- Rhymes:Portuguese/aw/2 syllables
- Portuguese terms borrowed from Medieval Latin
- Portuguese learned borrowings from Medieval Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Medieval Latin
- Portuguese terms suffixed with -al
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- pt:Music
- pt:Musical genres
- Portuguese adjectives
- Portuguese terms derived from Late Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Portuguese feminine nouns
- Portuguese ellipses
- pt:Cnidarians
- pt:Oranges
- pt:Pinks
- pt:Elapid snakes
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian adjectives
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/al
- Rhymes:Spanish/al/2 syllables
- Spanish terms inherited from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms derived from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms derived from Old French
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish masculine nouns
- es:Zoology
- es:Plants
- Spanish adjectives
- Spanish epicene adjectives
- Spanish terms suffixed with -al
- es:Colors