kerven

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch kerven, from Old Dutch *kervan, from Proto-West Germanic *kerban, from Proto-Germanic *kerbaną.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɛr.və(n)/
• Hyphenation: ker‧ven
• Rhymes: -ɛrvən

Verb

kerven

1. (intransitive) To cut, gouge out
2. (transitive) To carve (out); (cut a) notch

Inflection

Inflection of kerven (weak)
infinitive	kerven
past singular	kerfde
past participle	gekerfd
infinitive	kerven
gerund	kerven n
	present tense	past tense
1st person singular	kerf	kerfde
2nd person sing. (jij)	kerft	kerfde
2nd person sing. (u)	kerft	kerfde
2nd person sing. (gij)	kerft	kerfde
3rd person singular	kerft	kerfde
plural	kerven	kerfden
subjunctive sing.1	kerve	kerfde
subjunctive plur.1	kerven	kerfden
imperative sing.	kerf
imperative plur.1	kerft
participles	kervend	gekerfd
1) Archaic.

Inflection of kerven (strong class 3b)
infinitive	kerven
past singular	korf
past participle	gekorven
infinitive	kerven
gerund	kerven n
	present tense	past tense
1st person singular	kerf	korf
2nd person sing. (jij)	kerft	korf
2nd person sing. (u)	kerft	korf
2nd person sing. (gij)	kerft	korft
3rd person singular	kerft	korf
plural	kerven	korven
subjunctive sing.1	kerve	korve
subjunctive plur.1	kerven	korven
imperative sing.	kerf
imperative plur.1	kerft
participles	kervend	gekorven
1) Archaic.

Derived terms

• afkerven
• bekerven
• doorkerven
• kerf
• kerfbank
• kerfbeitel
• kerfbijl
• kerfboothamer
• kerfdier
• kerfhak
• kerfhamer
• kerfhout
• kerfkist
• kerfmachine
• kerfmes
• kerfnagel
• kerfpartij
• kerfrand
• kerfsnijmes
• kerfsnijwerk
• kerfstok
• kerftaaiheid
• kerftabak
• kerfvijl
• kerfwerk
• kerver
• kerving
• inkerven
• uitkerven
• verkerven

Descendants

• → Papiamentu: skèrf

Noun

kerven

1. plural of kerf

Anagrams

• verken

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *kervan, from Proto-West Germanic *kerban, from Proto-Germanic *kerbaną.

Verb

kerven

1. to carve, to cut out
2. to cut through, to cut into pieces
3. to destroy, to break

Inflection

Strong class 3
Infinitive	kerven
3rd sg. past	karf
3rd pl. past	korven
Past participle	gekorven
Infinitive	kerven
In genitive	kervens
In dative	kervene
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	kerve	karf
2nd singular	kerfs, kerves	korfs, korves
3rd singular	kerft, kervet	karf
1st plural	kerven	korven
2nd plural	kerft, kervet	korft, korvet
3rd plural	kerven	korven
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	kerve	korve
2nd singular	kerfs, kerves	korves
3rd singular	kerve	korve
1st plural	kerven	korven
2nd plural	kerft, kervet	korvet
3rd plural	kerven	korven
Imperative	Present
Singular	kerf, kerve
Plural	kerft, kervet
	Present	Past
Participle	kervende	gekorven

Descendants

• Dutch: kerven

Further reading

• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “kerven”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Middle English

Alternative forms

• carve, carven, cerven, karven, kerve, kirven, kyrvyn
• ceorfan, ceorfæn, keorven (Early Middle English)

Etymology

From Old English ċeorfan, from Proto-West Germanic *kerban, from Proto-Germanic *kerbaną. The total depalatalization of most forms seems to have arisen from analogy to past plural curven and past participle corven.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɛrvən/
• Rhymes: -ɛrvən

Verb

kerven

1. To cut or stab; to slash as to cause cutting or stabbing:
   1. To cut into; to slice (especially meat).
   2. To make surgical incisions or perform surgical operations.
   3. To mince or slice up (slice into bits)
   4. To separate by cutting; to cut apart.
   5. To remove or expel by cutting off or out.
2. To carve; to carve into or in the likeness of.
3. To divide or separate; to split up.
4. To eliminate or destroy; to take away.
5. To go across; to exist across.

Conjugation

Conjugation of kerven (strong class 3)

infinitive	(to) kerven, kerve
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	kerve	carf
2nd-person singular	kervest	curve, corve, carf
3rd-person singular	kerveth	carf
subjunctive singular	kerve	curve1, corve1
imperative singular		—
plural2	kerven, kerve	curven, curve, corven, corve
imperative plural	kerveth, kerve	—
participles	kervynge, kervende	corven, corve, ycorven, ycorve

¹Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
²Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Related terms

• forkerven
• kerf

Descendants

• English: carve
• Scots: cairve, kerve, kerf, carf

References

• “kerven, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-24.