multiplication

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French, from Old French multiplicacion, from Latin multiplicatio, multiplicationem; ~equivalent to multiplicate +‎ -ion.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌmʌltɪplɪˈkeɪʃən/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪʃən

Noun

multiplication (countable and uncountable, plural multiplications)

2. (uncountable, arithmetic) The process of computing the sum of an addition with one and the same number a specified number of times (i.e. 4 times 5 = [0 +] 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 20) or any other analogous binary operation that combines other mathematical objects.
3. (countable, arithmetic) A calculation involving multiplication.
4. The process of multiplying or increasing in number; increase.
   • 1843, Journal of the Statistical Society of London, volume 6, page 191:

     If the lesser nobility have remained more numerous, it must be attributed partly to the gradual multiplication of letters of nobility, and partly to the state of indigence in which in some provinces vast numbers of the gentry lived, and which left them strangers to those habits of caution by which opulent families are governed.

Coordinate terms

• succession
• addition
• exponentiation
• tetration
• pentation
• hexation

Derived terms

• Comba multiplication
• comultiplication
• cross multiplication
• cross-multiplication
• demultiplication
• Karatsuba multiplication
• multiplicational
• multiplication dance
• multiplication sign
• multiplication table
• nonmultiplication
• overmultiplication
• photomultiplication
• postmultiplication
• premultiplication
• pseudomultiplication
• remultiplication
• Russian peasant multiplication
• scalar multiplication

Related terms

• factor
• multi-
• multiplicand
• multiplicative
• multiplicity
• multiply
• product

Translations

process

• Arabic: ضَرْب (ar) m (ḍarb)
• Armenian: բազմապատկում (hy) (bazmapatkum)
• Asturian: multiplicación f
• Bashkir: ҡабатлау (qabatlaw)
• Basque: biderketa
• Belarusian: мно́жанне n (mnóžannje)
• Bulgarian: умноже́ние (bg) n (umnožénie)
• Catalan: multiplicació (ca) f
• Cebuano: pagpilo-pilo
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 乘法 (zh) (chéngfǎ)

• Czech: násobení (cs) n
• Danish: multiplikation (da) c
• Dutch: vermenigvuldiging (nl) n
• Esperanto: multiplikado, multipliko
• Estonian: korrutamine
• Finnish: kertolasku (fi)
• French: multiplication (fr) f
• Galician: multiplicación (gl) f
• Georgian: გამრავლება (gamravleba)
• German: Multiplikation (de) f
• Greek: πολλαπλασιασμός (el) m (pollaplasiasmós)

  Ancient: πολλαπλασιασμός m (pollaplasiasmós)

• Hindi: गुणा (hi) m (guṇā)
• Hungarian: szorzás (hu)
• Icelandic: margföldun (is) f
• Italian: moltiplicazione (it) f
• Japanese: 掛け算 (ja) (かけざん, kakezan), 乗法 (ja) (じょうほう, jōhō)
• Korean: 곱셈 (ko) (gopsem), 승법(乘法) (ko) (seungbeop), 곱하기 (ko) (gophagi)
• Latvian: reizināšana f
• Lithuanian: daugyba (lt) f
• Macedonian: множење n (množenje)
• Malay: pendaraban (ms)
• Manx: yl-raghey m
• Maori: whakareanga
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: үржүүлэх үйлдэл (üržüülex üjldel), үржих үйлдэл (üržix üjldel)

  Mongolian: ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ
  ᠦᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ (üreǰigülkü üyiledül), ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ
  ᠦᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ (üreǰikü üyiledül)

• Nogai: керелев (kerelev)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: multiplikasjon (no) m

  Nynorsk: multiplikasjon m

• Pashto: ضرب (ps) m (zarb)
• Persian: ضَرْب (fa) (zarb), بَس‌شُماری (bas-šomâri)
• Polish: mnożenie (pl) n
• Portuguese: multiplicação (pt) f
• Romanian: multiplicare (ro) f, înmulțire (ro) f, multiplicație (ro) f
• Russian: умноже́ние (ru) n (umnožénije)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: мно̀же̄ње n

  Roman: mnòžēnje (sh) n

• Slovak: násobenie n
• Slovene: množenje n
• Spanish: multiplicación (es) f
• Swedish: multiplikation (sv) c
• Tagalog: palaramihan, pagpaparami
• Tamil: பெருக்கல் (ta) (perukkal)
• Telugu: గుణకారము (te) (guṇakāramu)
• Turkish: çarpma (tr), çarpma işlemi
• Ukrainian: мно́ження n (mnóžennja)
• Urdu: ضَرْب ? (zarb)
• Uzbek: koʻpaytirish (uz), koʻpaytirish (uz)
• Vietnamese: phép nhân (vi)
• West Frisian: fermannichfâldiging ?

calculation

• Arabic: ضَرْب (ar) m (ḍarb)
• Armenian: բազմապատկում (hy) (bazmapatkum)
• Azerbaijani: vurma (az)
• Bashkir: ҡабатлау (qabatlaw)
• Belarusian: мно́жанне n (mnóžannje)
• Bulgarian: умноже́ние (bg) n (umnožénie)
• Cebuano: pagpilo-pilo
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 乘法 (zh) (chéngfǎ)

• Dutch: vermenigvuldiging (nl) f
• Esperanto: multipliko
• Finnish: kertolasku (fi)
• French: multiplication (fr) f
• Georgian: გამრავლება (gamravleba)
• German: Multiplikation (de) f
• Greek: πολλαπλασιασμός (el) m (pollaplasiasmós)

  Ancient: πολλαπλασιασμός m (pollaplasiasmós)

• Hungarian: szorzás (hu)
• Japanese: 掛け算 (ja) (かけざん, kakezan), 乗法 (ja) (じょうほう, jōhō)
• Korean: 곱셈 (ko) (gopsem), 승법(乘法) (ko) (seungbeop)
• Macedonian: множење n (množenje)
• Malay: pendaraban (ms)
• Maori: whakareanga
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: multiplikasjon (no) m

  Nynorsk: multiplikasjon m

• Persian: بَس‌شُماری (bas-šomâri)
• Portuguese: multiplicação (pt) f
• Romanian: înmulțire (ro) f, multiplicare (ro) f, multiplicație (ro) f
• Russian: умноже́ние (ru) n (umnožénije)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: мно̀же̄ње n

  Roman: mnòžēnje (sh) n

• Swedish: multiplikation (sv) c
• Tagalog: palaramihan
• Tamil: பெருக்கல் (ta) (perukkal)
• Turkish: çarpma işlemi
• Ukrainian: мно́ження n (mnóžennja)

increasing in number

• Armenian: բազմացում (hy) (bazmacʻum)
• Bulgarian: увеличе́ние (bg) n (uveličénie)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: please add this translation if you can

• Finnish: lisääntyminen (fi)
• Hungarian: sokasodás, szaporodás (hu), elterjedés (hu), megsokszorozódás (hu)
• Icelandic: margföldun (is) f
• Italian: proliferazione (it)
• Japanese: 倍増 (ja) (ばいぞう, baizō)
• Portuguese: proliferação (pt) f, multiplicação (pt) f
• Russian: умноже́ние (ru) n (umnožénije), увеличе́ние (ru) n (uveličénije)

See also

• addition, summation: (augend) + (addend) = (summand) + (summand) = (sum, total)
• subtraction: (minuend) − (subtrahend) = (difference)
• multiplication: (multiplier) × (multiplicand) = (factor) × (factor) = (product)
• division: (dividend) ÷ (divisor) = (quotient), remainder left over if divisor does not divide dividend

References

• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “multiplication”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “multiplication”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

French

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin multiplicātiō. By surface analysis, multiplier +‎ -ation.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /myl.ti.pli.ka.sjɔ̃/

• Audio (Paris):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

Noun

multiplication f (plural multiplications)

1. (arithmetic) multiplication

   Coordinate terms: division, addition, soustraction

   table de multiplication ― multiplication table

Related terms

• multi-
• multiple
• multiplicande
• multiplicatif
• multiplicité

Descendants

• → English: multiplication

Further reading

• “multiplication”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.