radix

See also: Radix

English

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Latin rādīx (“a root”). Doublet of radish.

Pronunciation

• enPR: rādĭks, IPA^(key): /ɹeɪ.dɪks/

Noun

radix (plural radixes or radices)

1. (biology) A root.
2. (linguistics) A primitive word, from which other words may be derived.
3. (mathematics) The number of distinct symbols used to represent numbers in a particular base, as ten for decimal.

Synonyms

• (linguistics): primitive (word), radical word

Derived terms

• (computing): radix-32 (rare), radix-64

Translations

biology: root — see root

linguistics: word from which other words may be derived

• Finnish: kantasana (fi)
• German: Stammwort (de) n
• Japanese: 原語 (ja) (gengo)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Russian: ко́рень (ru) m (kórenʹ), осно́ва (ru) f (osnóva)
• Turkish: kök (tr)

mathematics: number of distinct symbols used to represent numbers

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 基数 (zh) (jīshù)

• Dutch: grondtal (nl)
• Finnish: kanta (fi)
• French: base (fr) f
• German: Basis (de) f
• Irish: bunuimhir f
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Manx: bun-earroo m
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: grunntall (no) n

  Nynorsk: grunntal n

• Polish: podstawa (pl) f
• Turkish: baz (tr), taban (tr), temel (tr)
• Welsh: rhif sylfaenol m

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• French: racine (fr) f
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

Further reading

• radix on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “radix”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “radix”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

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Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *wrādīks, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds. Cognate with Ancient Greek ῥάδιξ (rhádix, “branch, twig”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐍃 (waurts), Old Irish fren (“root”) and Old English wyrt (“herb, plant”) (English wort).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈraː.diːks/, [ˈräːd̪iːks̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈra.diks/, [ˈräːd̪iks]

Noun

rādīx f (genitive rādīcis); third declension

1. A root (of a plant).
2. A radish.
3. The lower part of an object; root.
4. (figuratively) A foundation, basis, ground, origin, source, root.

Declension

Note that the genitive plural rādīcum has the alternative form rādicium. Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	rādīx	rādīcēs
Genitive	rādīcis	rādīcum
Dative	rādīcī	rādīcibus
Accusative	rādīcem	rādīcēs
Ablative	rādīce	rādīcibus
Vocative	rādīx	rādīcēs

Derived terms

• ērādīcō
• rādīcālis
• rādīcātus
• rādīcescō
• rādīcō

• rādīcor
• rādīcōsus
• rādīcula
• rādix grāminis

Descendants

• Navarro-Aragonese:
  • Aragonese: radiz
• Old Leonese:
  • Asturian: raíz
• Old Occitan:
  • Occitan: raiç
  • ⇒ Catalan: raïu (hypercorrection)
    • Catalan: raïl
      • ⇒ Catalan: rel (contraction)
        • ⇒ Catalan: arrel
• Old Galician-Portuguese: rayz
• Old Spanish:
  • Spanish: raíz
• Venetian: raìs
• → Old High German: rātih, retich, (Central German) rādich, redich
  • Middle High German: rætich, retich; rædich, redich
    • Alemannic German: Räätrich
    • Central Franconian: Rädich, Reddich, Redich, Riedich
    • German: Rettich
    • Yiddish: רעטעך (retekh)
• ⇒ Latin: rādīce (ablative singular)
  • Dalmatian: radaica, radaika
  • Italian: radice
    • → Middle French: radice
      • French: radis
        • → Wolof: radi
        • → Middle Low German: radies
          • → Danish: radise
          • → Faroese: radisa
          • → Icelandic: radísa
          • → Swedish: rädisa
      • → Dutch: radijs
        • Afrikaans: radijs
        • Negerhollands: radies
        • → German: Radies
          • ⇒ German: Radieschen (diminutive)
        • → Papiamentu: radijs (dated)
    • →? Russian: редис (redis) ⇒ редиска (rediska)
      • → Belarusian: радыска (radyska)
      • → Ukrainian: редис (redys)
  • Ligurian: reixa
  • Sicilian: ràdica, radica, rarica (eye dialect); ràrica, ràdiga (dialectal)
  • Venetian: raixa
  • → Danish: radise
    • → Faroese: radisa
  • → Icelandic: radísa
  • → Old English: redic, rædic
    • Middle English: radiche, radishe, redich, raddik, radike, redic, radisshe, radische, radik, radysche, radish
      • English: radish, raddish (obsolete)
        • →? Malay: rades
        • → Maori: rātihi
      • Scots: raidish
        • →? Irish: raidis
  • → Swedish: rädisa
• ⇒ Late Latin: radīcīna (diminutive)
  • Eastern Romance:
    • Aromanian: arãdãtsinã, rãdãtsinã, arãsgãnã, zãrãtsinã, rãdzãtinã
    • Romanian: rădăcină
  • Old French:
    • French: racine
      • Haitian Creole: rasin
    • Norman: raichinne, réchinne
    • Walloon: raecene
  • Sardinian: radichina, arraighina, raichina, adichína
• → Albanian: radhiqe
• → English: radix
• → German: Radix

Unsorted:

• Occitan: rasic, rasiga, arradit
• Romansch: ragisch, risch, rieisch

References

• “radix”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “radix”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• radix in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• radix in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to take root: radices agere (De Off. 2. 12. 73)
    
  • at the foot of the mountain: sub radicibus montis, in infimo monte, sub monte
    
  • to occupy the foot of a hill: considere sub monte (sub montis radicibus)
    
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 512