radix

See also: Radix

English

Etymology

PIE word
*wréh₂ds

Learned borrowing from Latin rādīx (“a root”). Doublet of radish.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɹeɪ.dɪks/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪdɪks

Noun

radix (plural radixes or radices)

1. (biology) A root.
2. (linguistics) The primitive root word or morpheme from which later versions derive; the etymon
3. (mathematics) The number of distinct symbols used to represent numbers in a particular base, as ten for decimal.

Synonyms

• (linguistics): primitive (word), radical word

Derived terms

• diminished radix complement
• radically
• radicand
• radiciflorous
• radix complement
• radix point
• radix sort
• radix tree

Translations

biology: root — see root

linguistics: word from which other words may be derived

• Bulgarian: корен (bg) m (koren)
• Finnish: kantasana (fi)
• French: racine (fr) f
• German: Stammwort (de) n
• Japanese: 原語 (ja) (gengo)
• Polish: podstawa (pl) f
• Portuguese: raiz (pt) f
• Romanian: rădăcină (ro) f
• Russian: ко́рень (ru) m (kórenʹ), осно́ва (ru) f (osnóva)
• Turkish: kök (tr)

mathematics: number of distinct symbols used to represent numbers

• Assamese: ভেঁটি (bhẽti)
• Bengali: নিধান (bn) (nidhan)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 基数 (zh) (jīshù)

• Dutch: grondtal (nl)
• Esperanto: bazo
• Finnish: kanta (fi), kantaluku (fi)
• French: base (fr) f
• German: Basis (de) f
• Irish: bunuimhir f
• Japanese: 基数 (ja) (きすう, kisū), 底 (ja) (てい, tē), 進法 (ja) (しんほう, shinhō)
• Kannada: ಪದ್ಧತಿ (kn) (paddhati)
• Kazakh: санау жүйесінің негізі (sanau jüiesınıñ negızı)
• Khmer: ប្រព័ន្ធគោល (prɑɑpŏənthɔɔkool)
• Korean: 밑 (ko) (mit)
• Latin: rādīx f
• Manx: bun-earroo m
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: grunntall (no) n

  Nynorsk: grunntal n

• Persian: مبنا (fa)
• Polish: podstawa (pl) f
• Portuguese: base (pt) f
• Romanian: bază (ro) f, bază de numerație
• Spanish: base (es) f
• Tamil: வேரெண் (vēreṇ)
• Turkish: baz (tr), taban (tr), temel (tr)
• Vietnamese: cơ số (vi) (基數)
• Welsh: rhif sylfaenol m

Further reading

• radix on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “radix”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “radix”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

Latin

Rādīcēs arborum. ― Tree roots.

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Italic *wrādīks, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈraː.diːks]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈraː.diks]

Noun

rādīx f (genitive rādīcis); third declension

1. root (of a plant)
2. radish
3. lower part of an object; root
4. (figuratively) foundation, basis, ground, origin, source, root
5. stock, family, race

Declension

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	rādīx	rādīcēs
genitive	rādīcis	rādīcum
dative	rādīcī	rādīcibus
accusative	rādīcem	rādīcēs
ablative	rādīce	rādīcibus
vocative	rādīx	rādīcēs

The genitive plural rādīcum has the alternative form rādicium.

Derived terms

• ērādīcō
• rādīcālis
• rādīcātus
• rādīcescō
• rādīcīna
• rādīcō
• rādīcor
• rādīcōsus
• rādīcula
• rādix grāminis

Descendants

• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Italian: radice (see there for further descendants)
  • Venetan: raìs, raixa
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: radris
  • Romansh: ragisch, risch, rieisch
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Ligurian: réixe, réixa, ràixa, raìxa
  • Old Lombard: rayxe
    • Lombard: raìss, ariss
  • Piedmontese: rèis, ràis, rèux
  • Romagnol: radìșa
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: rés, réce, rage
  • Old French: raïz
    • ⇒ French: raifort (+ fort)
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Old Catalan: raïu, rahiu
    • ⇒ Catalan: raïl (hypercorrection), rel (monophthongization), arrel (epenthesis)
  • Old Occitan: raitz
    • Gascon: raditz, ⇒ arraditz, arraïtz
    • Occitan: raiç
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: radiz
  • Asturian: raíz
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: raiz, rayz
    • Galician: raíz
    • Portuguese: raiz (see there for further descendants)
  • Spanish: raíz, ⇒ raigón

Borrowings:

• Ancient:
  • → Proto-Albanian:
    • Albanian: radhiqe
  • → Proto-West Germanic: *rādik (see there for further descendants)
• Later:
  • → English: radix
  • → German: Radix

References

• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 512
• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911), “radix”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 524
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “radix”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 10: R, page 26

Further reading

• “radix”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “radix”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "radix", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “radix”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to take root: radices agere (De Off. 2. 12. 73)
    
  • at the foot of the mountain: sub radicibus montis, in infimo monte, sub monte
    
  • to occupy the foot of a hill: considere sub monte (sub montis radicibus)
    

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin radix.

Noun

radix n (plural radixuri)

1. a root (of a plant)

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	radix	radixul		radixuri	radixurile
genitive-dative	radix	radixului		radixuri	radixurilor
vocative	radixule			radixurilor

References

• radix in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN