radix

See also: Radix

English

Etymology

From Latin rādīx (“a root”). Doublet of radish.

Pronunciation

• enPR: rādĭks, IPA^(key): /ɹeɪ.dɪks/

Noun

radix (plural radixes or radices)

1. (biology) A root.
2. (linguistics) A primitive word, from which other words may be derived.
3. (mathematics) The number of distinct symbols used to represent numbers in a particular base, as ten for decimal.

Synonyms

• (linguistics): primitive (word), radical word

Derived terms

• (computing): radix-32 (rare), radix-64

Translations

biology: root — see root

linguistics: word from which other words may be derived

• Bulgarian: корен (bg) m (koren)
• Finnish: kantasana (fi)
• French: racine (fr) f
• German: Stammwort (de) n
• Japanese: 原語 (ja) (gengo)

• Russian: ко́рень (ru) m (kórenʹ), осно́ва (ru) f (osnóva)
• Turkish: kök (tr)

mathematics: number of distinct symbols used to represent numbers

• Assamese: ভেঁটি (bhẽti)
• Bengali: নিধান (nidhan)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 基数 (zh) (jīshù)

• Dutch: grondtal (nl)
• Finnish: kanta (fi)
• French: base (fr) f
• German: Basis (de) f
• Irish: bunuimhir f
• Japanese: 底 (ja) (てい, tē), 基数 (ja) (きすう, kisū)
• Kazakh: санау жүйесінің негізі (sanaw jüyesiniñ negizi)
• Khmer: ប្រព័ន្ធគោល (prɑɑpŏənthɔɔkool)

• Korean: 밑 (ko) (mit)
• Latin: radix f
• Manx: bun-earroo m
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: grunntall (no) n

  Nynorsk: grunntal n

• Persian: مبنا‎ (fa)
• Polish: podstawa (pl) f
• Tamil: வேரெண் (vēreṇ)
• Turkish: baz (tr), taban (tr), temel (tr)
• Vietnamese: cơ số (vi) (基數)
• Welsh: rhif sylfaenol m

Further reading

• radix on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• radix in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• radix in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

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Latin

rādīcēs

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *wrādīks, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈraː.diːks/, [ˈräːd̪iːks̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈra.diks/, [ˈräːd̪iks]

Noun

rādīx f (genitive rādīcis); third declension

1. A root (of a plant).
2. A radish.
3. The lower part of an object; root.
4. (figuratively) A foundation, basis, ground, origin, source, root.

Declension

Note that the genitive plural rādīcum has the alternative form rādicium. Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	rādīx	rādīcēs
Genitive	rādīcis	rādīcum
Dative	rādīcī	rādīcibus
Accusative	rādīcem	rādīcēs
Ablative	rādīce	rādīcibus
Vocative	rādīx	rādīcēs

Derived terms

• ērādīcō
• rādīcālis
• rādīcātus
• rādīcescō
• rādīcō

• rādīcor
• rādīcōsus
• rādīcula
• rādix grāminis

Descendants

• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: radice (see there for further descendants)
• Padanian:
  • Friulian: radris
  • Old Lombard: rayxe
  • Old Ligurian: raisse
    • Ligurian: rẹ́iže
  • Piedmontese: reis
  • Romansch: ragisch, risch, rieisch
  • Romagnol: radìșa, ràdga
  • Venetian: raìs
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Old French: raïz
    • ⇒ French: raifort (“horseradish”) (+fort 'strong')
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Old Catalan: raïu
    • ⇒ Catalan: raïl (hypercorrection) ⇒ rel (contraction) ⇒ arrel (epenthesis)
  • Old Occitan: raitz
    • Occitan: raiç
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: radiz
  • Asturian: raíz
  • Old Portuguese: rayz, raiz
    • Galician: raíz
    • Portuguese: raiz (see there for further descendants)
  • Spanish: raíz ⇒ raigón
• Derived forms:
  • ⇒ Late Latin: rādīcīna (see there for further descendants)
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *rādī̆ca (see there for further descendants)
• Old borrowings:
  • → Albanian: radhiqe
  • → Proto-West Germanic: *rātik (see there for further descendants)
• Modern borrowings:
  • → English: radix
  • → German: Radix

References

• radix in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• radix in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• radix in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• radix in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to take root: radices agere (De Off. 2. 12. 73)
    
  • at the foot of the mountain: sub radicibus montis, in infimo monte, sub monte
    
  • to occupy the foot of a hill: considere sub monte (sub montis radicibus)
    
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 512
• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911), “radix”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 524
• von Wartburg, Walther (1928–2002), “radix”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 100, page 26