servus
Czech[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
- serbus (rare)
Etymology[edit]
The greeting evolved by the commoners greeting their lords with the words servus humillimus, Domine spectabilis, meaning your humble servant, my noble lord. No subservience is implied in its modern use.
Pronunciation[edit]
Interjection[edit]
servus
- (colloquial) hi, hiya
- (colloquial) cheerio, bye, so long, ta-ta
Synonyms[edit]
- See ahoj
Further reading[edit]
- servus in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- servus in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
Esperanto[edit]
Verb[edit]
servus
- conditional of servi
German[edit]
Etymology[edit]
An ellipsis from the commoners’ greeting once said to feudal lords, "servus humillimus (Domine spectabilis)", in Latin meaning "(I am a) most humble servant, (O) noble lord".
Pronunciation[edit]
Interjection[edit]
servus
- (chiefly Southern Germany, Austria, informal) hello, hi
- (ibid.) goodbye, bye, farewell
- (as a toast) cheers
Synonyms[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
- No subservience is implied in modern use, and the origin of the term is not commonly known. Educated usage may be sincere, jocular or ironic.
- Usage of the salutation in German, as well as nearby languages like Hungarian, Slovakian, and Romanian, roughly corresponds to the former borders of Austria-Hungary.
- Despite the formal origins of the term, its usage is now chiefly, but not exclusively informal; the degree of decorum is dependent on context of region, dialect, class, or even village.
Further reading[edit]
- “servus” in Duden online
Latin[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Italic *serwos (“guardian”), from Proto-Indo-European *ser-wo-s (“guardian”), possibly from *ser- (“watch over, protect”). Cognate with servō, Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (haraiti, “he heeds, protects”).[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈser.wus/, [ˈs̠ɛr.wʊs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈser.vus/, [ˈsɛr.vus]
Audio (Classical) (file) - Hyphenation: ser‧vus
Noun[edit]
servus m (genitive servī); second declension
- a servant
- a serf
- a slave
- Captivi ("the captives") by Plautus (English and Latin text)
- Quem patrem, qui servos est?
- Father! What do you mean, when he’s a slave?
- Quem patrem, qui servos est?
- Captivi ("the captives") by Plautus (English and Latin text)
Declension[edit]
Second-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | servus | servī |
Genitive | servī | servōrum |
Dative | servō | servīs |
Accusative | servum | servōs |
Ablative | servō | servīs |
Vocative | serve | servī |
Derived terms[edit]
- servīlis
- serviō
- servitūdō
- servitūs
- servulus
- servus Deī (Ecclesiastical)
- servus servōrum Deī (Ecclesiastical)
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- servus² in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- servus² in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette: “1,432/2”
- “seruus¹” on page 1,748/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
- Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) , “servus”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 967/2
Adjective[edit]
servus (feminine serva, neuter servum); first/second-declension adjective
Declension[edit]
First/second-declension adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | servus | serva | servum | servī | servae | serva | |
Genitive | servī | servae | servī | servōrum | servārum | servōrum | |
Dative | servō | servō | servīs | ||||
Accusative | servum | servam | servum | servōs | servās | serva | |
Ablative | servō | servā | servō | servīs | |||
Vocative | serve | serva | servum | servī | servae | serva |
References[edit]
- servus¹ in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- servus¹ in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette: “1,432/2”
- “seruus²” on page 1,748 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
References[edit]
- servus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- servus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- servus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to act the rôle of a slave, pander: agere servum, lenonem
- a good, useful slave: frugi (opp. nequam) servus
- a degraded, servile condition: infima fortuna or condicio servorum
- (ambiguous) to examine slaves by torture: de servis quaerere (in dominum)
- to act the rôle of a slave, pander: agere servum, lenonem
- servus in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- servus in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Romanian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Borrowed from German servus. Greeting found in many Central European languages.
Pronunciation[edit]
Interjection[edit]
servus (informal, Transylvania, Maramureș, Bukovina)
Serbo-Croatian[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From German servus, ultimately from Latin servus.
Interjection[edit]
sèrvus (Cyrillic spelling сѐрвус)
Synonyms[edit]
Slovak[edit]
Etymology[edit]
The greeting evolved by the commoners greeting their lords with the words servus humillimus, Domine spectabilis, meaning your humble servant, my noble lord. No subservience is implied in its modern use.
Pronunciation[edit]
Interjection[edit]
servus
Further reading[edit]
- servus in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech lemmas
- Czech interjections
- Czech colloquialisms
- cs:Greetings
- Esperanto non-lemma forms
- Esperanto verb forms
- German terms borrowed from Latin
- German terms derived from Latin
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio links
- German lemmas
- German interjections
- Austrian German
- German informal terms
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with Ecclesiastical IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with audio links
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin masculine nouns
- Latin second declension nouns
- Latin masculine nouns in the second declension
- Latin adjectives
- Latin first and second declension adjectives
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- la:Slavery
- la:People
- Romanian terms borrowed from German
- Romanian terms derived from German
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian interjections
- Romanian informal terms
- Transylvanian Romanian
- Maramureș Romanian
- Bukovinian Romanian
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from German
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Latin
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian interjections
- Croatian Serbo-Croatian
- Serbo-Croatian dated terms
- Slovak 2-syllable words
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak lemmas
- Slovak interjections
- sk:Greetings