tf
English
Noun
tf (uncountable)
- Alternative spelling of TF
Anagrams
Egyptian
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /tɛf/
- Conventional anglicization: tef
Determiner
|
f sg distal demonstrative determiner
Usage notes
This demonstrative was originally a determiner but could later be used alone, like a pronoun. When used as a determiner it follows or precedes the noun it describes.
It forms a contrastive pair with the demonstrative tn, in which tf is distal.
There is a more colloquial variant: tfꜣ.
Inflection
Old Egyptian demonstratives
determiners | pronouns1 | adverbs | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
number | singular | dual | plural | unmarked | ||||
gender | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | unmarked | |
proximal to speaker | pn |
tn, jtn |
*jpnj |
*jptnj |
jpn |
jptn |
nn |
— |
distal | pf |
tf |
*jpfj |
*jptfj |
jpf |
jptf |
nf |
— |
proximal to spoken of | pj, pw, py, p |
tj, tw, jtw |
jpwj |
*jptwj |
jpw |
jptw |
nw |
— |
vocative | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
— |
— |
— |
— |
nꜣ |
ꜥꜣ |
|
Middle Egyptian demonstratives
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
masculine | feminine | plural | adverb | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pronoun | pꜣw |
dj | ||||
determiners and pronouns | pꜣj |
tꜣj |
nꜣj | |||
possessive determiners (used with suffix pronouns) | pꜣy |
tꜣy |
nꜣy | |||
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’) | p-n, pꜣ |
t-nt, tꜣ |
nꜣyw, nꜣ | |||
definite articles | pꜣ |
tꜣ |
nꜣ1 | |||
indefinite articles | wꜥ1 |
nhꜣy1 | ||||
|
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /tɛf/
- Conventional anglicization: tef
Verb
|
2-lit.
- (intransitive) to spit (+ m: to spit (something) out) [Pyramid Texts, rarely later]
Usage notes
Used chiefly in the context of old religious texts, and particularly in the Heliopolitan cosmogony to describe the creation of the goddess Tefnut from Atum’s spit.
Inflection
Conjugation of tf (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: tf, geminated stem: tff
infinitival forms | imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | negatival complement | complementary infinitive1 | singular | plural |
tf |
tfw, tf |
tft |
tf, j.tf |
tf, j.tf |
‘pseudoverbal’ forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
stative stem | periphrastic imperfective2 | periphrastic prospective2 | |
tf |
ḥr tf |
m tf |
r tf |
suffix conjugation | |||
---|---|---|---|
aspect / mood | active | contingent | |
aspect / mood | active | ||
perfect | tf.n |
consecutive | tf.jn |
terminative | tft | ||
perfective3 | tf |
obligative1 | tf.ḫr |
imperfective | tf, j.tf1 | ||
prospective3 | tf |
potentialis1 | tf.kꜣ |
subjunctive | tf, j.tf1 |
verbal adjectives | |||
---|---|---|---|
aspect / mood | relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms | participles | |
active | active | passive | |
perfect | tf.n |
— | — |
perfective | tf |
tf |
tff, tffj6, tf2, tfw2 5, tfy2 5 |
imperfective | j.tf1, tf, tfy, tfw5 |
j.tf1, j.tfw1 5, tf, tfj6, tfy6 |
tf, tfw5 |
prospective | tf, tftj7 |
tftj4, tft4 | |
|
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of tf
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /tif/ → /tif/ → /tef/
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /tɛf/
- Conventional anglicization: tef
Noun
|
|
m
- spittle [Pyramid Texts]
Inflection
Descendants
- Coptic: ⲑⲁϥ (thaf)
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN.
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 297.6–297.9
Swedish
Alternative forms
Adjective
tf
- Abbreviation of tillförordnad., acting (e.g. manager)
References
Categories:
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English words without vowels
- Egyptian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Egyptian lemmas
- Egyptian determiners
- Egyptian demonstrative determiners
- Egyptian verbs
- Egyptian strong biliteral verbs
- Egyptian intransitive verbs
- Egyptian nouns
- Egyptian masculine nouns
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish adjectives
- Swedish abbreviations