wḥꜥ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /wɛhɑː/
  • Conventional anglicization: weha

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to loosen or untie (cords, bonds, knots, etc.)

   Synonym: sfḫ

2. (transitive) to remove (the bandage from a wound)
3. (transitive) to resolve (difficulties), to unravel (problems)
4. (transitive) to explain, to expound, to clarify
5. (transitive) to interpret, to explain the meaning of (an incomprehensible word or event)
6. (transitive) to interpret, to translate (foreign speech)
7. (transitive) to understand
8. (transitive) to loosen up (limbs) out of stiffness
9. (transitive, intransitive) to heal, to cure
10. (transitive) to deliver (someone), to set free, to release (+ m or m-ꜥ: from (something bad or evil))
11. (transitive) to deliver (a woman) in childbirth
12. (intransitive) to finish up with work, to get off work
13. (intransitive) to be(come) idle or at leisure, to relax
14. (intransitive) to return home, especially after a day’s work (+ m: from; r: to (a place))
15. (transitive) to establish, to build (a building) [Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Conjugation of wḥꜥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wḥꜥ, geminated stem: wḥꜥꜥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
wḥꜥ	wḥꜥw, wḥꜥ	wḥꜥt	wḥꜥ	wḥꜥ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
wḥꜥ	ḥr wḥꜥ	m wḥꜥ	r wḥꜥ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	wḥꜥ.n	wḥꜥw, wḥꜥ	consecutive	wḥꜥ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	wḥꜥt
perfective3	wḥꜥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	wḥꜥ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	wḥꜥ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	wḥꜥ	wḥꜥꜥ	potentialis1	wḥꜥ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	wḥꜥ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	wḥꜥ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	wḥꜥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	wḥꜥ	wḥꜥ, wḥꜥw5, wḥꜥy5
imperfective	wḥꜥ, wḥꜥy, wḥꜥw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	wḥꜥ, wḥꜥj6, wḥꜥy6	wḥꜥ, wḥꜥw5
prospective	wḥꜥ, wḥꜥtj7	—	wḥꜥtj4, wḥꜥt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wḥꜥ  

wḥjꜥ	wḥꜥ	wḥꜥ	wḥꜥ	wḥꜥ	wḥꜥ	wḥꜥ	wḥꜥ
[Pyramid Texts]	[Old Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[Greco-Roman Period]
				in hieratic			abbreviation

Noun

 m

1. fisher or fowler (or both) [since the Pyramid Texts]
2. epithet for the king when making an offering of geese [Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Declension of wḥꜥ (masculine)

singular	wḥꜥ
dual	wḥꜥwj
plural	wḥꜥw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wḥꜥ  

wḥꜥ	wḥꜥ	wḥꜥ	wḥꜥw
		[Middle Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]

Descendants

• Demotic: wḥj
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲟϩⲓ (ouohi)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϩⲉ (ouōhe)

References

• “wḥꜥ (lemma ID 48760)” and “wḥꜥ (lemma ID 48790)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 348.3–349.15, 350.1–350.6
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 66
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 339.