werpen

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch werpen, from Old Dutch werpan, from Proto-West Germanic *werpan, from Proto-Germanic *werpaną.

Cognate with German werfen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋɛrpə(n)/

• audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: wer‧pen
• Rhymes: -ɛrpən

Verb

werpen

1. (transitive) to throw
2. (transitive, of animals) to give birth

Inflection

Inflection of werpen (strong class 3+7)
infinitive	werpen
past singular	wierp
past participle	geworpen
infinitive	werpen
gerund	werpen n
	present tense	past tense
1st person singular	werp	wierp
2nd person sing. (jij)	werpt	wierp
2nd person sing. (u)	werpt	wierp
2nd person sing. (gij)	werpt	wierpt
3rd person singular	werpt	wierp
plural	werpen	wierpen
subjunctive sing.1	werpe	wierpe
subjunctive plur.1	werpen	wierpen
imperative sing.	werp
imperative plur.1	werpt
participles	werpend	geworpen
1) Archaic.

Synonyms

• gooien

Derived terms

• aanwerpen
• achternawerpen
• afwerpen
• bijeenwerpen
• bijwerpen
• buitenwerpen
• dichtwerpen
• discuswerpen
• dooreenwerpen
• dwergwerpen
• hamerwerpen
• heenwerpen
• inwerpen
• miswerpen
• nawerpen
• nederwerpen
• neerwerpen
• omhoogwerpen
• omverwerpen
• omwerpen
• onderwerpen
• ontwerpen
• opeenwerpen
• openwerpen
• opwerpen
• opzijwerpen
• omverwerpen
• overhoopwerpen
• overwerpen
• ringwerpen
• schoenwerpen
• speerwerpen
• tegenwerpen
• ternederwerpen
• terugwerpen
• toewerpen
• tussenwerpen
• uiteenwerpen
• uitwerpen
• verwerpen
• volwerpen
• vooroverwerpen
• vooruitwerpen
• wegwerpen

Descendants

• Afrikaans: werp

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch werpan.

Verb

werpen

1. to throw
2. to cast off, to lose
3. to give birth (of animals)
4. to damage, to hurt by throwing something (such as stones)
5. to stone, to kill by throwing something (such as stones)

Inflection

Strong class 3
Infinitive	werpen
3rd sg. past	warp
3rd pl. past	worpen
Past participle	geworpen
Infinitive	werpen
In genitive	werpens
In dative	werpene
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	werpe	warp
2nd singular	werps, werpes	worps, worpes
3rd singular	werpt, werpet	warp
1st plural	werpen	worpen
2nd plural	werpt, werpet	worpt, worpet
3rd plural	werpen	worpen
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	werpe	worpe
2nd singular	werps, werpes	worpes
3rd singular	werpe	worpe
1st plural	werpen	worpen
2nd plural	werpt, werpet	worpet
3rd plural	werpen	worpen
Imperative	Present
Singular	werp, werpe
Plural	werpt, werpet
	Present	Past
Participle	werpende	geworpen

Descendants

• Dutch: werpen
• Limburgish: wèrpe

Further reading

• “werpen (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “werpen (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

Middle English

Alternative forms

• warpe, warpen, warpyn, werp, werpe, werrpenn, worpe, wurpen

Etymology

From Old English weorpan, from Proto-West Germanic *werpan, from Proto-Germanic *werpaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwɛrpən/, /ˈwarpən/, /ˈwurpən/

Verb

werpen (third-person singular simple present werpeth, present participle werpynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative warp, past participle worpen)

1. To throw; to fling:
   1. To cast down; to throw off.
   2. To throw into (hell, confinement).
   3. (rare) To throw open (a gate).
   4. (Early Middle English, rare) To sprinkle; to scatter.
2. (in figurative use) To throw out:
   1. To thrust one's limb, head or hand out.
   2. To drive out; to force away.
   3. To speak; to talk.
   4. To produce (seeds, eggs)
   5. (Early Middle English, rare) To cast a gaze at.
3. Senses related to weaving:
   1. To weave (interlace thread).
   2. To warp threads; to arrange threads into a warp.
   3. (figurative) To contrive; to scheme.
4. To rush or bound out.
5. (Late Middle English) To warp; to bend.
6. (rare) To clothe oneself; to dress.
7. (Early Middle English, rare) To draw lots.
8. (Late Middle English, rare) To fill up; to stuff.

Usage notes

• Weak forms of this verb are not found before the end of the 14th century.

Conjugation

Conjugation of werpen (strong class 3 or weak in -ed)

infinitive	(to) werpen, werpe
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	werpe	warp, werped
2nd-person singular	werpest	worpe, warp, werpedest
3rd-person singular	werpeth	warp, werped
subjunctive singular	werpe	worpe1, werped1
imperative singular		—
plural2	werpen, werpe	worpen, worpe, werpeden, werpede
imperative plural	werpeth, werpe	—
participles	werpynge, werpende	worpen, worpe, werped, yworpen, yworpe

¹Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
²Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Related terms

• awerpen
• forwerpen
• iwerpen
• moldewarpe
• warp
• werpynge

Descendants

• English: warp
• Scots: warp

References

• “werpen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.