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zabrać

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Old Polish

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Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zabьràti. First attested in the end of the 14th century. By surface analysis, za- +‎ brać.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /zabrat͡ɕʲ/
    • IPA(key): (15th CE) /zabrat͡ɕʲ/

    Verb

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    zabrać pf (imperfective zabierać)

    1. (attested in Greater Poland, Masovia) to steal, to seize, to rob (to take someone else's thing)
      • 1981 [1398], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, t. V, A. Roty gnieźnieńskie, s. 76-274, number 39, Gniezno:
        Ysze czso [Woj]tha zabral Janowi cone, to zabral, nisz [kr]ol przyøl crolewstwo
        [Iże czso [Woj]ta zabrał Janowi konie, to zabrał, niż [kr]ol przyjął krolewstwo]
      • 1879 [1480], Jan Tadeusz Lubomirski, editor, Księga ziemi czerskiej 1404-1425. Liber terrae Cernensis[2], Masovia, page LXXXVII:
        Jakom ya nye wrzuczyl szyą... gwalthewnye we wloki w Wągrodnye, na kthore... pleban... prawo ma, anym zabral czynschu sz kmyeczy thych
        [Jakom ja nie wrzucił się... gwałtewnie we włoki w Wągrodnie, na ktore... pleban... prawo ma, anim zabrał czynszu z kmieci tych]
    2. to abduct, to hijack, to kidnap
      • 1930 [c. 1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)transliteration, transcription, 34, 29:
        Drudzy synowye Iacobowy byezawszy y pobyly wszitko myasto... a dzatky y zoni gich *zwyozawszy zabraly (duxerunt captivas)
        [Drudzy synowie Jakobowi bieżawszy i pobili wszytko miasto... a dziatki i żony jich związawszy zabrali (duxerunt captivas)]
    3. to take back (to grab with one's hands again; to acquire again)
    4. (attested in Lesser Poland) to take (to ensure that one has something with them when they depart)
      • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎scan transliteration, transcription, numbers 48, 18, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:
        Gdi zagine, ne zaberze wszego (non sumet omnia)
        [Gdy zaginie, nie zabierze wszego (non sumet omnia)]
    5. (of a stream, attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca) to swell, to rise
      • 1874-1891 [1466], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności[3], [4], [5], volume XXII, Łęczyca, page 12:
        Nam quem pluuialibus vndis intumuit, gl. id est invndauit wszydze, zabrala, torrens, fluit acrior amne perhenni, gl. fluuio perpetuo
        [Nam quem pluuialibus vndis intumuit, gl. id est invndauit wzydzie, zabrała, torrens, fluit acrior amne perhenni, gl. fluuio perpetuo]
    6. (of waves, water, etc., attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca) to take away, to lift (to carry someone or something)
      • 1874-1891 [1466], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności[6], [7], [8], volume XXII, Łęczyca, page 11:
        Ad instar anchore, que firmo cursu ratem in portu retinet, ne procellis quassata, zalewayączymy velmy zabrana,... illidatur... ad rupes contiguas
        [Ad instar anchore, que firmo cursu ratem in portu retinet, ne procellis quassata, zalewającymi wełmy zabrana,... illidatur... ad rupes contiguas]

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Polish: zabrać
    • Silesian: zabrać

    References

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    Polish

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    Etymology

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      Inherited from Old Polish zabrać. By surface analysis, za- +‎ brać.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ˈza.brat͡ɕ/
      • Audio 1; zabrać:(file)
      • Audio 2; zabrać się:(file)
      • Rhymes: -abrat͡ɕ
      • Syllabification: za‧brać

      Verb

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      zabrać pf (imperfective zabierać)

      1. (transitive) to take (grabbing with one's hands, to place somewhere)
        Synonym: wziąć
      2. (transitive) to take (to cease touching by moving one's hands)
      3. (transitive) to take, to bring (to cause someone or something to be in a different place)
      4. (transitive) to take (to cause someone to cease being somewhere)
        Synonym: wziąć
      5. (transitive) to take (to force someone to go somewhere, e.g. to the police)
        Synonym: wziąć
      6. (transitive) to take (to allow to join) [with na (+ accusative) ‘on/for what’]
        Synonym: wziąć
      7. (transitive) to take (to ensure that one has something with them when they depart) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’]
        Synonym: wziąć
      8. (transitive) to take, to take away (to deprive of materially) [with dative ‘from whom’]
        Synonym: wziąć
        Nauczyciel zabrał mi telefon.The teacher took my mobile phone away.
      9. (transitive) to take, to take away (to deprive of non-materially) [with dative ‘from whom’]
        Synonym: odebrać
      10. (transitive) to take, to take away, to carry away (i.e. of water, to destroy, upset, or move something)
      11. (transitive) to take, to take away (to kill) [with dative ‘from whom’]
      12. (transitive) to take (to accept for transport as passengers or cargo)
      13. (transitive) to take (to last a certain amount of time) [with dative ‘whom’]
        Synonym: zająć
      14. (transitive, obsolete) to take on (to acquire a trait)
        Synonym: nabrać
      15. (reflexive with się) to get to (to begin to do some activity) [with do (+ genitive) or (proscribed) za (+ accusative) ‘to what’]
        Synonym: wziąć się
      16. (reflexive with się, colloquial) to take on (to begin to deal intensively with matters related to a specific person) [with za (+ accusative) ‘whom’]
        Synonym: wziąć się
      17. (reflexive with się, colloquial) to leave (to go away from some place)
        Synonyms: see Thesaurus:uciekać
      18. (reflexive with się) to take oneself somewhere (to travel or stay somewhere) [with instrumental ‘with what’]
      19. (reflexive with się) to take oneself somewhere (to join someone and go somewhere with them) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’]
      20. (reflexive with się, colloquial) to come on, to make a pass (to attempt for a sexual relation with someone, typically in an unrefined manner) [with do (+ genitive) ‘whom’]
        Synonym: dobrać się
      21. (reflexive with się) to take drastic measures against someone or something
      22. (reflexive with się, obsolete) to spread (to become more common)
        Synonyms: rozpowszechnić się, upowszechnić się

      Conjugation

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      Verb

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      zabrać pf (imperfective zabierać)

      1. (reflexive with się, impersonal, obsolete) to be in for, to be coming
        Synonym: zanieść się

      Conjugation

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      Conjugation of zabrać
      infinitive zabrać
      future indicative zabierze
      past indicative zabrało
      conditional zabrałoby
      by zabrało
      imperative niech zabierze

      Derived terms

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      Trivia

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      According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), zabrać is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 4 times in scientific texts, 12 times in news, 10 times in essays, 22 times in fiction, and 26 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 74 times, making it the 876th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

      References

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      1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “zabrać”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 726

      Further reading

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