艱苦性

Chinese

		arduous; laborious; difficult arduous; laborious; difficult; hard	sex; nature; suffix corresponding to ‑ness or ‑ity
trad. (艱苦性)		艱苦	性
simp. (艰苦性)		艰苦	性

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiānkǔxìng

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ ㄎㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiānkǔxìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ ㄎㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiankǔsìng
    • Wade–Giles: chien¹-kʻu³-hsing⁴
    • Yale: jyān-kǔ-syìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiankuushinq
    • Palladius: цзянькусин (czjanʹkusin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹/

Noun

艱苦性

1. arduous nature; strenuous nature

   • 而在另一方面，則又造成了革命的不平衡狀態，給爭取革命全部勝利的事業帶來了長期性和艱苦性。 [MSC, trad.]
     而在另一方面，则又造成了革命的不平衡状态，给争取革命全部胜利的事业带来了长期性和艰苦性。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1939, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《中國革命和中國共產黨》 (The Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Communist Party), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

     Ér zài lìng yī fāngmiàn, zé yòu zàochéng le gémìng de bù pínghéng zhuàngtài, gěi zhēngqǔ gémìng quánbù shènglì de shìyè dàilái le chángqīxìng hé jiānkǔxìng. [Pinyin]

     But on the other hand, these very circumstances make the revolution uneven and render the task of winning complete victory protracted and arduous.