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Chinese[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Rime
|
Character
|
因
|
地
|
制
|
宜
|
Reading #
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
Initial (聲)
|
影 (34)
|
定 (7)
|
章 (23)
|
疑 (31)
|
Final (韻)
|
眞 (43)
|
脂 (15)
|
祭 (35)
|
支 (13)
|
Tone (調)
|
Level (Ø)
|
Departing (H)
|
Departing (H)
|
Level (Ø)
|
Openness (開合)
|
Open
|
Open
|
Open
|
Open
|
Division (等)
|
III
|
III
|
III
|
III
|
Fanqie
|
於眞切
|
徒四切
|
征例切
|
魚羈切
|
Baxter
|
'jin
|
dijH
|
tsyejH
|
ngje
|
Reconstructions
|
Zhengzhang Shangfang
|
/ʔiɪn/
|
/diɪH/
|
/t͡ɕiᴇiH/
|
/ŋˠiᴇ/
|
Pan Wuyun
|
/ʔin/
|
/diH/
|
/t͡ɕiɛiH/
|
/ŋᵚiɛ/
|
Shao Rongfen
|
/ʔjen/
|
/djɪH/
|
/t͡ɕjæiH/
|
/ŋiɛ/
|
Edwin Pulleyblank
|
/ʔin/
|
/diH/
|
/ciajH/
|
/ŋjiə̆/
|
Li Rong
|
/ʔiĕn/
|
/diH/
|
/t͡ɕiɛiH/
|
/ŋje/
|
Wang Li
|
/ĭĕn/
|
/diH/
|
/t͡ɕĭɛiH/
|
/ŋǐe/
|
Bernard Karlgren
|
/ʔi̯ĕn/
|
/dʱiH/
|
/t͡ɕi̯ɛiH/
|
/ŋie̯/
|
Expected Mandarin Reflex
|
yīn
|
dì
|
zhì
|
yí
|
Expected Cantonese Reflex
|
jan1
|
dei6
|
zai3
|
ji4
|
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
Character
|
因
|
地
|
制
|
宜
|
Reading #
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
2/2
|
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
|
yīn
|
dì
|
zhì
|
yí
|
Middle Chinese
|
‹ ʔjin ›
|
‹ dijH ›
|
‹ tsyejH ›
|
‹ ngje ›
|
Old Chinese
|
/*ʔi[n]/
|
/*[l]ˁej-s/
|
/*tet-s/
|
/*ŋ(r)aj/
|
English
|
rely on
|
earth, ground
|
cut out, prepare
|
proper; should
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
因地制宜
- to formulate strategies according to local conditions