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U+8239, 船
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8239

[U+8238]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+823A]
See also:

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
11 strokes

Alternative forms[edit]

The top-right part can be either or , depending on the script; Japanese: , mainland China: , traditional Chinese: , Korean: ; see Han unification.

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 137, +5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹卜金口 (HYCR) or 竹卜竹弓口 (HYHNR), four-corner 28460, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1010, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30407
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1468, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3060, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8239

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms
Wikipedia has an article on:
拖斗挖泥船

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɦljon): semantic (boat) + phonetic (OC *lon).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-lawŋ (boat). Compare Burmese လောင်း (laung:, long and narrow boat), and Mizo lawng (boat or ship).

Sagart (1999) interprets Old Chinese (OC *ɦljon) as a nominal derivate of the verb 沿 (OC *lon, “to go downstream a river”). The Fangyan states that this word was commonly used in western China, but, by Han times, it had completely displaced the earlier (OC *tjɯw), used in central and eastern China.

Alternatively, the Proto-Sino-Tibetan root could be a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *d₂lu(u)ŋ ~ *d₂l(u)əŋ (boat), whence Mon ဂၠုၚ် (klɜ̀ŋ, canoe, small boat), perhaps a derivate of Proto-Mon-Khmer *luŋh ~ *luuŋh ~ *ləŋh (to hollow, excavate, bore), see Khmer លុង (lung, to dig a hole) and Vietnamese trũng (concave) (Sidwell, 2006; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • chûn - vernacular;
  • soân - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰuan³⁵/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰuan²⁴/
    Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰuan⁴⁵/
    /t͡sʰuan⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰuã⁴²/
    Qingdao /t͡sʰuã⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰuan⁴²/
    Xi'an /p͡fʰã²⁴/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰuã²⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰuan⁵³/
    Lanzhou /p͡fʰɛ̃n⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰuan⁵¹/
    Wuhan /t͡sʰuan²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡sʰuan³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡sʰuan²¹/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰuã̠³¹/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ²⁴/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰʊ̃⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰuæ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /t͡sʰuɑŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡sʰʰuæ̃³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /zø²³/
    Suzhou /zø¹³/
    Hangzhou /d͡zz̩ʷõ²¹³/
    Wenzhou /jy³¹/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰye⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /ɕyɛ⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕyẽ¹³/
    Xiangtan /d͡ʑyẽ¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /sɵn⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /son¹¹/
    Taoyuan /ʃon¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /syn²¹/
    Nanning /syn²¹/
    Hong Kong /syn²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /suan³⁵/
    /t͡sun³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /suŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /yiŋ²¹/
    Shantou (Teochew) /t͡suŋ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /tun³¹/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (27)
    Final () (78)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter zywen
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ʑiuᴇn/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ʑʷiɛn/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ʑjuæn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ʑwian/
    Li
    Rong
    /d͡ʑiuɛn/
    Wang
    Li
    /d͡ʑĭwɛn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /d͡ʑʰi̯wɛn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    shuán
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    syun4
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    chuán
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ zywen ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*Cə.lo[n]/
    English boat

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14278
    Phonetic
    component
    沿
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    3
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɦljon/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. watercraft; vessel (including ships, boats, sailing ships, hovercrafts; sometimes including submarines) (Classifier: m;  m;  m c mn;  c)
    2. an object with a shape or function similar to watercraft
      太空  ―  tàikōngchuán  ―  spaceship
    3. (Hong Kong Cantonese, chiefly university slang) scholarship
      𫽋 [Hong Kong Cantonese]  ―  lo2 syun4 [Jyutping]  ―  to receive scholarship
    4. (obsolete) alcohol cup
    5. (obsolete) to carry by watercraft
    6. (obsolete, dialectal) button
    7. a surname: Chuan

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (watercraft):

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: (ぜん) (zen); (せん) (sen)
    • Korean: 선(船) (seon)
    • Vietnamese: thuyền ()

    Others:

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai
    Kyūjitai
    [1]

    船󠄂
    +&#xE0102;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    船󠄄
    +&#xE0104;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. ship, vessel, large ship

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    ふね
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    ふね
    [noun] , : [from 712] a boat:
    [noun] : [from 712] a ship, vessel, larger ship
    [noun] , , : [from 712] a box for storing:
    [noun] , : [from 712] a container used for storing liquids such as water and sake
    [noun] , : [unknown] a box used for pressing sake and soy sauce
    [noun] , , : [from c. 934] a horse through
    [noun] , : [from c. 1797] a coffin
    [noun] This term needs a translation to English.
    [noun] , : [from 1841] a box used to store candy
    [noun] , : [from mid. Edo period] an (oke) used to store rice and grains
    [noun] , : [from 1463] a container for storing bonsai trees and other objects
    [noun] , : [unknown] a treasure ship
    [noun] This term needs a translation to English.
    [noun] This term needs a translation to English.
    [noun] This term needs a translation to English.
    [counter] , , : items in a box-shaped container
    Alternative spellings
    ,
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    ふな
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    ふな
    [noun] , : a boat:
    [noun] : a ship, vessel, larger ship
    Alternative spelling
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling (larger boat, ship) of the above term.)

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1790 (paper), page 947 (digital)

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “what is its historical reading?”)

    Hanja[edit]

    (eumhun (bae seon))

    1. Hanja form? of (ship; boat; vessel).

    Kunigami[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pune, from Proto-Japonic *punay.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (ぷにー) (phunī

    1. boat

    Miyako[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pune, from Proto-Japonic *punay.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (ふに) (funi

    1. boat

    Okinawan[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pune, from Proto-Japonic *punay.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (ふに) (funi

    1. boat

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: thuyền

    1. boat

    Yaeyama[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pune, from Proto-Japonic *punay.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (ふに) (funi

    1. boat

    Yonaguni[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *pune, from Proto-Japonic *punay.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (んに) (nni

    1. boat