僭

See also: 僣

僭 U+50ED, 僭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50ED ← 僬 [U+50EC] CJK Unified Ideographs 僮 → [U+50EE]

Translingual

Han character

僭 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+12, 14 strokes, cangjie input 人一山日 (OMUA), four-corner 2526₁, composition ⿰亻朁)

1. assume, usurp

Derived characters

• 𠠭, 𧹿

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 117, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1128
• Dae Jaweon: page 249, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 218, character 5
• Unihan data for U+50ED

Chinese

trad.		僭
simp. #		僭
alternative forms		僣

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 僭
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Small seal script s05830 Transcribed ancient scripts L33723
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (兓) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
簪	*ʔsɯːm, *ʔsrɯm
撍	*ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːmʔ, *ʔsluːms, *ʔsrum
鐕	*ʔsluːm
憯	*sʰluːmʔ, *sʰlɯːmʔ
噆	*sʰluːmʔ, *ʔsluːb
朁	*sʰlɯːmʔ, *zlam
蠶	*zluːm
蚕	*zluːm, *hl'iːnʔ
糣	*sluːmʔ
熸	*ʔslom
鬵	*zlam, *zɯm, *ljɯm
灊	*zlam, *zɯm, *ljɯm
潛	*zlom, *zloms
僭	*ʔslɯːms
兓	*sl'ɯm
嶜	*zlum
兂	*ʔsrɯm
譖	*ʔsrums

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zim³, cim³, cim⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
    • Wade–Giles: chien⁴
    • Yale: jyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zim³, cim³, cim⁵
    • Yale: jim, chim, chíhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzim³, tsim³, tsim⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: jim³, qim³, qim⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːm³³/, /t͡sʰiːm³³/, /t͡sʰiːm¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsemH

Rime
Character	僭
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	子念切
Baxter	tsemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡semH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡semH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sɛmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sɛmH/
Li Rong	/t͡semH/
Wang Li	/t͡siemH/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡siemH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zim3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsˤ[i]m-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔslɯːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	僭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsemH ›
Old Chinese	/*tsˁ[i]m-s/
English	err
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	僭
Reading #	1/1
No.	6711
Phonetic component	兓
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	僭
Old Chinese	/*ʔslɯːms/

Definitions

僭

1. (literary) to usurp; to overstep; to assume
2. (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) (Hong Kong) Short for 僭建.

Compounds

• 僭上偪下
• 僭坐
• 僭妄 (jiànwàng)
• 僭盜／僭盗
• 僭稱／僭称 (jiànchēng)
• 僭竊／僭窃
• 僭號／僭号
• 僭越 (jiànyuè)
• 鳩僭鵲巢／鸠僭鹊巢

 

References

• “僭”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

僭

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): せん (sen); しん (shin)
• Kun: おごる (ogoru)

Korean

Hanja

僭 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am)

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Vietnamese

Han character

僭: Hán Nôm readings: tiếm

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