脫

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See also: 脱 and 挩
脫 U+812B, 脫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-812B
← 脪
[U+812A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 脬 →
[U+812C]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

脫 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月金口山 (BCRU) or 難月金口山 (XBCRU), four-corner 78216, composition ⿰⺼兌(HT) or ⿰月兌(GK))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 984, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29539
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1436, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2081, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+812B

Chinese[edit]

trad. 脫/脱
simp. 脱
alternative forms 挩／捝
說／说

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (兌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
毤 *l̥ʰoːds
蛻 *l'oːds, *l̥ʰoːds, *hljods, *lod, *lod
娧 *l̥ʰoːds, *lod
駾 *l̥ʰoːds
裞 *l̥ʰoːds, *hljods
兌 *l'oːds
綐 *l'oːds
銳 *l'oːds, *lods
帨 *stʰods, *hljods
稅 *hljods
說 *hljods, *hljod, *lod
涚 *hljods
䫄 *rtʰoːd
脫 *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
侻 *l̥ʰoːd
挩 *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
莌 *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
梲 *l̥ʰoːd, *ʔljod, *l̥ʰuːd
鮵 *l'oːd
敓 *l'oːd
痥 *l'oːd
悅 *lod, *lod
閱 *lod

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

Within Chinese, cognate with 蛻 (OC *l̥ʰoːds, “exuviae (skin cast off during molting)”), 愉 (OC *lo, “relax > happy, pleased”), 悅 (OC lod, “contented”), 說 (OC *hljod, “to speak, to explain”), 說 (OC *hljods, “to persuade”), 偷 (OC *l̥ʰoː, “to steal”), 奪 (OC *Cə.lˁot, “to rob, to snatch”);
Outside Chinese, cognate with Tibetan གློད་པ (glod pa, “loosen, relax, slacken”), Tibetan ཧློད་པ (hlod pa, “loose, relaxed”), Lepcha [script needed] (flját, fljót), Burmese လွှတ် (hlwat), Burmese ချွတ် (hkywat).

In its use in Northern Wu languages, such as Shanghainese, Suzhounese, and Ningbonese, as well as Lower Yangtze Mandarin, it is likely from a grammaticalisation of the verb. Compare with 落 (Wuxi, Changzhou) and 掉 (Haining, Danyang)

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • thut/thoah - vernacular;
  • thoat - literary (“to collapse”).
Note: tug4 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 脫
Mandarin Beijing /tʰuo⁵⁵/
Harbin /tʰuo⁴⁴/
Tianjin /tʰuo²¹/
Jinan /tʰuə²¹³/
Qingdao /tʰuə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /tʰuo²⁴/
Xi'an /tʰuo²¹/
Xining /tʰu⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /tʰuə¹³/
Lanzhou /tʰuə¹³/
Ürümqi /tʰuɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /tʰuo²¹³/
Chengdu /tʰo³¹/
Guiyang /tʰo²¹/
Kunming /tʰo³¹/
Nanjing /tʰoʔ⁵/
Hefei /tʰuɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /tʰuaʔ²/
Pingyao /tʰuʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /tʰuaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /tʰoʔ⁵/
Suzhou /tʰəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /tʰoʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /tʰø²¹³/
Hui Shexian /tʰɔʔ²¹/
Tunxi /tʰuːə⁵/
Xiang Changsha /tʰo²⁴/
Xiangtan /tʰo²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /tʰɵʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /tʰot̚¹/
Taoyuan /tʰot̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰyt̚³/
Nanning /tʰyt̚³³/
Hong Kong /tʰyt̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tʰuat̚³²/
/tʰut̚³²/
/tʰuaʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tʰɔuʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tʰɔ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tʰuk̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hut̚⁵/ ～帽
/hut̚³/ ～手
Rime
Character 脫 脫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 定 (7) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 桓 (64) 桓 (64)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 徒活切 他括切
Baxter dwat thwat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duɑt̚/ /tʰuɑt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/dʷɑt̚/ /tʰʷɑt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/duɑt̚/ /tʰuɑt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dwat̚/ /tʰwat̚/
Li
Rong 		/duɑt̚/ /tʰuɑt̚/
Wang
Li 		/duɑt̚/ /tʰuɑt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱuɑt̚/ /tʰuɑt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		duó tuo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dyut6 tyut3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 脫 脫
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tuō tuō
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dwat › ‹ thwat ›
Old
Chinese 		/*lˁot/ /*mə-l̥ˁot/
English remove outer covering peel off

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 脫 脫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 2559 2566
Phonetic
component 		兑 兑
Rime
group 		月 月
Rime
subdivision 		3 3
Corresponding
MC rime 		侻 奪
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ʰoːd/ /*l'oːd/

Definitions[edit]

脫

  1. to take off (clothes); to peel off; to strip
  2. to get away from; to escape; to leave; to avoid
  3. to leave out; to miss; to omit
  4. rapid; swift; fast
  5. unaffected; free; at ease
  6. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to collapse; to pass out; to fall in a faint
  7. (Ningbonese and Shanghainese) and
  8. (Northern Wu, Jianghuai Mandarin) Used to indicate a negative outcome to a verb.

Usage notes[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 脫 (“to take off (clothes)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 脫, 褪
Mandarin Beijing 脫, 褪
Taiwan 脫
Harbin 脫
Yantai (Muping) 脫
Jinan 脫, 褪
Wanrong 脫
Xi'an 脫
Yinchuan 脫
Lanzhou 脫
Xining 脫
Ürümqi 脫
Wuhan 脫
Chengdu 脫
Guiyang 脫
Guilin 脫
Liuzhou 脫, 褪, 解
Xuzhou 脫
Yangzhou 脫, 褪
Nanjing 脫
Hefei 脫, 褪
Malaysia 脫
Singapore 脫
Cantonese Guangzhou 除, 脫
Hong Kong 除, 剝, 解
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 剝
Macau 剝
Guangzhou (Panyu) 除
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 脫
Guangzhou (Conghua) 除, 脫
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 除
Foshan 除
Foshan (Shunde) 除
Foshan (Sanshui) 除
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 除
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 剝
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 剝
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 剝
Zhuhai (Doumen) 剝
Jiangmen (Baisha) 除, 剝
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 除
Taishan 脫
Kaiping (Chikan) 脫
Enping (Niujiang) 脫
Heshan (Yayao) 除
Dongguan 脫, 除
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 剝
Yangjiang 褪
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 除
Penang (Guangfu) 除
Singapore (Guangfu) 除
Gan Nanchang 脫
Lichuan 脫
Pingxiang 推, 剝, 脫
Hakka Meixian 脫
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 脫
Dongguan (Qingxi) 剝
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 剝
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 脫
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 剝
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 剝
Conghua (Lütian) 脫
Yudu 脫
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 脫
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 脫
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 脫
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 脫
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 脫
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 脫
Huizhou Jixi 脫, 褪
Jin Taiyuan 脫
Xinzhou 脫
Northern Min Jian'ou 褪
Songxi 褪
Jianyang 褪
Eastern Min Fuzhou 褪
Gutian 褪
Ningde 褪
Zhouning 褪
Fuding 褪
Southern Min Xiamen 褪
Quanzhou 褪
Yongchun 褪
Zhangzhou 褪
Taipei 褪
New Taipei (Sanxia) 褪
Kaohsiung 褪
Yilan 褪
Changhua (Lukang) 褪
Taichung 褪
Tainan 褪
Hsinchu 褪
Kinmen 褪
Penghu (Magong) 褪
Penang (Hokkien) 褪
Singapore (Hokkien) 褪
Manila (Hokkien) 褪
Longyan 脫
Datian 褪
Chaozhou 褪
Shantou 褪
Jieyang 褪
Singapore (Teochew) 褪
Haikou 解
Puxian Min Putian 褪
Central Min Yong'an 脫
Sanyuan 脫
Shaxian 脫
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 剝
Sanxiang 剝
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 脫
Wu Shanghai 脫
Shanghai (Chongming) 脫
Suzhou 脫, 褪
Wuxi 脫
Danyang 脫
Hangzhou 脫
Ningbo 脫
Wenzhou 脫
Jinhua 脫, 褪
Xiang Changsha 脫
Loudi 脫
Shuangfeng 脫
Dialectal synonyms of 和 (“and”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 與, 及
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 和, 與, 及, 與及 Cantonese
Mandarin Beijing 跟, 和
Taiwan 跟, 和
Yantai (Muping) 和
Jinan 和, 跟, 給
Wanrong 和
Wanrong (Ronghe) 連
Xi'an 跟, 連
Yinchuan 連
Lanzhou 跟, 和
Xining 帶, 和
Ürümqi 跟, 連, 和
Wuhan 跟
Chengdu 跟, 給, 和
Guiyang 跟, 同, 和
Guilin 跟, 和
Liuzhou 跟, 同, 和
Xuzhou 給
Yangzhou 跟, 交
Nanjing 告, 跟
Hefei 跟
Malaysia 和, 跟
Singapore 和, 跟
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 帶
Cantonese Guangzhou 同, 同埋
Hong Kong 同, 同埋
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 同
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 同
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 同
Macau 同, 同埋
Taishan 同埋
Kaiping (Chikan) 同, 同埋
Dongguan 同, 同埋
Yangjiang 鄧, 同
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 同
Penang (Guangfu) 同
Singapore (Guangfu) 同
Gan Nanchang 跟, 同
Lichuan 和
Pingxiang 同, 跟
Hakka Meixian 同, 摎
Yudu 澗
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 摎
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 同
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 摎
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 同
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 摎
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 和
Hong Kong 摎
Kuching (Hepo) 佮
Huizhou Jixi 搭
Jin Taiyuan 和, 跟
Xinzhou 給
Northern Min Jian'ou 邀
Jian'ou (Dikou) 邀, 儉, 教
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 邀
Pucheng (Shibei) 邀, 跟
Eastern Min Fuzhou 共
Changle 共
Fuqing 共
Yongtai 共
Gutian 共
Fu'an 共
Ningde 共
Shouning 隨
Zhouning 傮, 共
Fuding 跟
Southern Min Xiamen 佮, 交
Xiamen (Tong'an) 佮
Quanzhou 佮, 交
Zhangzhou 佮
Tainan 佮
Penang (Hokkien) 佮
Singapore (Hokkien) 佮
Manila (Hokkien) 佮, 交
Chaozhou 佮, 共
Shantou 佮
Jieyang 佮
Singapore (Teochew) 佮
Pontianak (Teochew) 佮
Leizhou 共
Wenchang 共
Haikou 共
Qionghai 共
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 同, 同埋
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 跟, 邀
Wu Shanghai 脫, 脫仔, 得, 得仔, 搭, 搭仔, 交, 幫, 同, 跟
Shanghai (Chongming) 脫
Shanghai (Songjiang) 搭
Suzhou 搭, 搭仔
Danyang 同, 跟
Hangzhou 同
Ningbo 搭, 搭仔
Wenzhou 伉
Jinhua 亨, 跟
Xiang Changsha 跟
Loudi 跟
Shuangfeng 跟, 同

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (脫):
  • → Vietnamese: thoát (脫)

Others:

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 脫
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tuō
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dwajH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*lˁot-s/
English easy, leisurely

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions[edit]

脫

  1. Used in 脫脫／脱脱 (“carefree”).
  2. Alternative form of 蛻／蜕 (“(of skin) cast off”)
  3. a surname

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

脱

Kyūjitai

脫

Kanji[edit]

脫

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 脱)

  1. take off, remove
  2. escape, get away

Readings[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

This form is extremely rare in Japanese. The current form of 脱 has seen some use before 1946.

Further reading[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

脫 • (tal, tae) (hangeul 탈, 태, McCune–Reischauer t'al, t'ae, Yale thal, thay)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

脫: Hán Nôm readings: thoát

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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