год
Belarusian
Pronunciation
Etymology
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From Old East Slavic годъ (godŭ, “time, period”), from Proto-Slavic *godъ, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to unite, be associated, be suitable”).
Noun
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- year (time it takes for the Earth to complete one revolution around the Sun)
Declension
Derived terms
- (periods of years): дзесяціго́ддзе (dzjesjacihóddzje), дваццаціго́ддзе (dvaccacihóddzje), трыццаціго́ддзе (tryccacihóddzje), саракаго́ддзе (sarakahóddzje), пяцідзесяціго́ддзе (pjacidzjesjacihóddzje), шасцідзесяціго́ддзе (šascidzjesjacihóddzje), сямідзесяціго́ддзе (sjamidzjesjacihóddzje), васьмідзесяціго́ддзе (vasʹmidzjesjacihóddzje), дзевяностаго́ддзе (dzjevjanostahóddzje), стаго́ддзе (stahóddzje)
Russian
Alternative forms
- годъ (god) (Pre-reform orthography (1918))
Etymology
2=gʰedʰPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
From Old East Slavic годъ (godŭ, “time, period, year, age”), from Proto-Slavic *godъ (“suitable time”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰodʰo-, from *gʰedʰ- (“to unite, be associated, be suitable”)
Cognates include Ukrainian годі (hodi, “enough”), Bulgarian годе (gode, “ever”) (as in кой-годе (koj-gode) = whoever), Czech hod, Polish gody (“yearly feast”), Upper Sorbian hody (“Christmas”), Lower Sorbian gódy (“Christmas”), Latvian gadigs, German Gatte (“husband”), gätlich (“convenient”), Dutch gegade, gade, gading, as well as English gather, good, Dutch gader, goed, and German gut
Pronunciation
Noun
год • (god) m inan (genitive го́да, nominative plural го́ды or года́ or лета́, genitive plural годо́в or лет)
- year
- из го́да в год ― iz góda v god ― year in and year out, from year to year
- в э́том году́ ― v étom godú ― this year
- года́ми ― godámi ― for years; for years on end
- девяно́стые го́ды ― devjanóstyje gódy ― the '90s
- уче́бный год ― učébnyj god ― school year; academic year
- Но́вый год ― Nóvyj god ― New Year’s Day
- Ему́ два́дцать оди́н год. ― Jemú dvádcatʹ odín god. ― He is 21 years old.
- Ему́ два́дцать три го́да. ― Jemú dvádcatʹ tri góda. ― He is 23 years old.
- Ему́ два́дцать пять лет. ― Jemú dvádcatʹ pjatʹ let. ― He is 25 years old.
- ты́сяча девятьсо́т девяно́сто второ́й год ― týsjača devjatʹsót devjanósto vtorój god ― (year) 1992 (in words)
- две ты́сячи оди́ннадцатый год ― dve týsjači odínnadcatyj god ― (year) 2011 (in words)
- с ка́ждым го́дом ― s káždym gódom ― from year to year, year by year, year after year
Usage notes
- Use the appropriate case of год after simple or compound numbers ending in оди́н (odín) (1), два (dva) (2), три (tri) (3), or четы́ре (četýre) (4), except for 11, 12, 13 and 14 (and 111 - 114, 211 - 214 etc.) - for these and all other numbers, and with adverbs of quantity (мно́го (mnógo), ско́лько (skólʹko), etc.), use the appropriate case of ле́то (léto).
- When a number should be followed by a nominative or genitive singular, the appropriate form of год (god) is used. When a number should be followed by a genitive plural, the form лет (let) is used. When the number is in the dative, instrumental, or prepositional case, the appropriate form of год (god) must be used. Examples: оди́н год (nominative singular), два го́да (genitive singular), три го́да (genitive singular), пять лет (genitive plural); but бо́льше трёх лет (genitive plural), бо́льше пяти́ лет (genitive plural); and пяти́ года́м (dative plural), пятью́ года́ми (instrumental plural), o пяти́ года́х (prepositional plural).
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | го́д gód |
го́ды, года́△, лета́△ gódy, godá△, letá△ |
genitive | го́да góda |
годо́в, ле́т△ godóv, lét△ |
dative | го́ду gódu |
года́м, лета́м△ godám, letám△ |
accusative | го́д gód |
го́ды, года́△, лета́△ gódy, godá△, letá△ |
instrumental | го́дом gódom |
года́ми, лета́ми△ godámi, letámi△ |
prepositional | го́де góde |
года́х, лета́х△ godáx, letáx△ |
partitive | го́ду gódu |
|
locative | в году́ v godú |
△ Irregular.
Derived terms
- вы́года (výgoda)
- годи́на (godína)
- годи́ться (godítʹsja)
- годи́чный (godíčnyj)
- го́дный (gódnyj)
- годова́лый (godovályj)
- годово́й (godovój)
- годовщи́на (godovščína)
- пого́да (pogóda)
- уго́да (ugóda)
See also
- ле́то (léto)
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “год”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- The template Template:R:ru:Chernykh does not use the parameter(s):
page=198
vol=1 Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “год”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN
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vol=1 Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893–1912) “годъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments][1] (in Russian), volume, Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *godъ. Cognate with Slovene god, Old Church Slavonic годъ (godŭ), Russian год (god).
Pronunciation
Noun
го̑д m (Latin spelling gȏd)
- name day
- anniversary, holiday
- ring (on a tree)
Declension
Particle
год (Latin spelling god)
- generalization particle
- (т)ко год — whoever
- што год — whatever
- шта год — whatever
- какав год — of whatever kind
- колики год — of whatever size
- који год — whichever
- кад год — whenever
- чији год — whosoever
- како год хоћеш — however you want it, however you wish
- колико год (да) кошта, желим га — whatever it costs, I want it
- Belarusian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Belarusian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
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- be:Time
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- ru:Time
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