دين
See also: دین
Arabic
Etymology 1
A historically conflated term derived from multiple layers of phono-semantic matching:
- Initially stemming from Proto-Semitic *dVn- (“obligated conduct; decisions of morality or ethics, judgement, decree, ruling”), where in Arabia it took specifically the foremost connotation of obligations, duty, what is expected or owed; hence also the sense of a monetary debt along with that which is owed to society ethically.
- Cognate terms in other Semitic languages also came with a more developed legal sense, rulings, a set of obligations, a law code; these senses were bolstered semantically borrowing from Aramaic דִּינָא (dīnā), Classical Syriac ܕܺܝܢܳܐ (dīnā, “judgement”),Hebrew דִּין (din), Ge'ez ደይን (däyn, “judgement”), which likely had their specified development from Akkadian 𒁲 (/dēnu, dīnu/, “judgement, decision, verdict; legal practice, article of law, precedent; lawsuit, claim, legal case; court conduct, procedures, rule of law”).
- The sense of religious creed or a system of religious rules is borrowed directly from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dyn' /dēn/), which is from Old Persian [script needed] (dēn) which underwent influence from Akkadian when the Achaemenid Empire incorporated its Semitic kingdoms; the term already having a predecessor with a religious sense in Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁 (daēnā), which is possibly akin to Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna) whence zen and possibly derives from Elamite 𒁲𒂊𒉡 (/dēn/), itself potentially developing from the Akkadian legal sense; religious obligation to deities, the system or conduct of the priesthood regarding divinities.
- The Qurʾān and later Islamic scholarship adds an additional layer of phono-semantic matching, melding the native significances with the connotations imparted by the languages of their neighbors, both from the Semitic family and those not.
Pronunciation
Noun
دِين • (dīn) m (plural أَدْيَان (ʔadyān))
- verbal noun of دَانَ (dāna, “to be religious”) (form I)
- (countable, uncountable) religion, creed, credo, faith, conviction, belief, tenet, rite
- (uncountable, verbal noun) conformism, conformance, conformity, compliance, fealty, obedience; God-fearingness, godliness, religiosity, devoutness
- law, obligations, duty
- custom, habit
- لَيْسَ هَٰذَا مِنْ دِينِي وَلَا دَيْدَنِي
- laysa hāḏā min dīnī walā daydanī
- This is not according to my habit nor to my wont.
- judgement, decision, ruling
- (rare) requital, compensation, indemnification
- (rare) credit, obligation, account, falling due of a debt
Declension
Declension of noun دِين (dīn)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | دِين dīn |
الدِّين ad-dīn |
دِين dīn |
Nominative | دِينٌ dīnun |
الدِّينُ ad-dīnu |
دِينُ dīnu |
Accusative | دِينًا dīnan |
الدِّينَ ad-dīna |
دِينَ dīna |
Genitive | دِينٍ dīnin |
الدِّينِ ad-dīni |
دِينِ dīni |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | دِينَيْن dīnayn |
الدِّينَيْن ad-dīnayn |
دِينَيْ dīnay |
Nominative | دِينَانِ dīnāni |
الدِّينَانِ ad-dīnāni |
دِينَا dīnā |
Accusative | دِينَيْنِ dīnayni |
الدِّينَيْنِ ad-dīnayni |
دِينَيْ dīnay |
Genitive | دِينَيْنِ dīnayni |
الدِّينَيْنِ ad-dīnayni |
دِينَيْ dīnay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَدْيَان ʔadyān |
الْأَدْيَان al-ʔadyān |
أَدْيَان ʔadyān |
Nominative | أَدْيَانٌ ʔadyānun |
الْأَدْيَانُ al-ʔadyānu |
أَدْيَانُ ʔadyānu |
Accusative | أَدْيَانًا ʔadyānan |
الْأَدْيَانَ al-ʔadyāna |
أَدْيَانَ ʔadyāna |
Genitive | أَدْيَانٍ ʔadyānin |
الْأَدْيَانِ al-ʔadyāni |
أَدْيَانِ ʔadyāni |
Derived terms
- دِينِيّ (dīniyy)
- يَوْمُ ٱلدِّينِ (yawmu d-dīni, “day of judgment”)
- صَلَاح الدِّين (ṣalāḥ ad-dīn, “Saladin”)
- عَلَاء الدِّين (ʕalāʔ ad-dīn, “Aladdin”)
Related terms
- دَيَّان (dayyān)
- دِيَانَة (diyāna)
- دِينِيّ (dīniyy)
- مُتَدَيِّن (mutadayyin)
- مُتَدَيِّنَة (mutadayyina)
Borrowed terms
- Azerbaijani: din
- Avar: дин (din)
- Bashkir: дин (din)
- Chechen: дин (din)
- Chuvash: тӗн (tĕn)
- Crimean Tatar: din
- Hindi: दीन (dīn)
- Indonesian: din
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 95: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "ku" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.
- Kazakh: дін (dın)
- Kyrgyz: дин (din)
- Malay: din
- Pashto: دين (din)
- Persian: دین (din)
- Ossetian: дин (din)
- Santali: ᱫᱤᱱ (din)
- Swahili: dini
- Tajik: дин (din)
- Tatar: дин (din)
- Turkish: din
- Turkmen: din
- Uyghur: دىن (din)
- Urdu: دین (dīn)
- Uzbek: din
Etymology 2
From the verb دَانَ (dāna, “to hold religion”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
دَيِّن • (dayyin) (feminine دَيِّنَة (dayyina), masculine plural دَيِّنُونَ (dayyinūna), feminine plural دَيِّنَات (dayyināt))
Declension
Declension of adjective دَيِّن (dayyin)
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | دَيِّن dayyin |
الدَّيِّن ad-dayyin |
دَيِّنَة dayyina |
الدَّيِّنَة ad-dayyina |
Nominative | دَيِّنٌ dayyinun |
الدَّيِّنُ ad-dayyinu |
دَيِّنَةٌ dayyinatun |
الدَّيِّنَةُ ad-dayyinatu |
Accusative | دَيِّنًا dayyinan |
الدَّيِّنَ ad-dayyina |
دَيِّنَةً dayyinatan |
الدَّيِّنَةَ ad-dayyinata |
Genitive | دَيِّنٍ dayyinin |
الدَّيِّنِ ad-dayyini |
دَيِّنَةٍ dayyinatin |
الدَّيِّنَةِ ad-dayyinati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | دَيِّنَيْن dayyinayn |
الدَّيِّنَيْن ad-dayyinayn |
دَيِّنَتَيْن dayyinatayn |
الدَّيِّنَتَيْن ad-dayyinatayn |
Nominative | دَيِّنَانِ dayyināni |
الدَّيِّنَانِ ad-dayyināni |
دَيِّنَتَانِ dayyinatāni |
الدَّيِّنَتَانِ ad-dayyinatāni |
Accusative | دَيِّنَيْنِ dayyinayni |
الدَّيِّنَيْنِ ad-dayyinayni |
دَيِّنَتَيْنِ dayyinatayni |
الدَّيِّنَتَيْنِ ad-dayyinatayni |
Genitive | دَيِّنَيْنِ dayyinayni |
الدَّيِّنَيْنِ ad-dayyinayni |
دَيِّنَتَيْنِ dayyinatayni |
الدَّيِّنَتَيْنِ ad-dayyinatayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
sound masculine plural | sound feminine plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | دَيِّنِين dayyinīn |
الدَّيِّنِين ad-dayyinīn |
دَيِّنَات dayyināt |
الدَّيِّنَات ad-dayyināt |
Nominative | دَيِّنُونَ dayyinūna |
الدَّيِّنُونَ ad-dayyinūna |
دَيِّنَاتٌ dayyinātun |
الدَّيِّنَاتُ ad-dayyinātu |
Accusative | دَيِّنِينَ dayyinīna |
الدَّيِّنِينَ ad-dayyinīna |
دَيِّنَاتٍ dayyinātin |
الدَّيِّنَاتِ ad-dayyināti |
Genitive | دَيِّنِينَ dayyinīna |
الدَّيِّنِينَ ad-dayyinīna |
دَيِّنَاتٍ dayyinātin |
الدَّيِّنَاتِ ad-dayyināti |
Etymology 3
Causative of the verb دَانَ (dāna, “to be a debtor”) from the د ي ن (d-y-n).
Pronunciation
Verb
دَيَّنَ • (dayyana) II, non-past يُدَيِّنُ (yudayyinu)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
دَيَّنَ
(form-II sound)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
tadyīn | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
mudayyin | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mudayyan | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | dayyantu |
dayyanta |
دَيَّنَ dayyana |
dayyantumā |
dayyanā |
dayyannā |
dayyantum |
dayyanū | |||
f | dayyanti |
dayyanat |
dayyanatā |
dayyantunna |
دَيَّنَّ dayyanna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔudayyinu |
tudayyinu |
yudayyinu |
tudayyināni |
yudayyināni |
nudayyinu |
tudayyinūna |
yudayyinūna | |||
f | tudayyinīna |
tudayyinu |
tudayyināni |
tudayyinna |
yudayyinna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔudayyina |
tudayyina |
yudayyina |
tudayyinā |
yudayyinā |
nudayyina |
tudayyinū |
yudayyinū | |||
f | tudayyinī |
tudayyina |
tudayyinā |
tudayyinna |
yudayyinna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔudayyin |
tudayyin |
yudayyin |
tudayyinā |
yudayyinā |
nudayyin |
tudayyinū |
yudayyinū | |||
f | tudayyinī |
tudayyin |
tudayyinā |
tudayyinna |
yudayyinna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | دَيِّنْ dayyin |
dayyinā |
dayyinū |
||||||||
f | dayyinī |
دَيِّنَّ dayyinna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | duyyintu |
duyyinta |
دُيِّنَ duyyina |
duyyintumā |
duyyinā |
duyyinnā |
duyyintum |
duyyinū | |||
f | duyyinti |
duyyinat |
duyyinatā |
duyyintunna |
دُيِّنَّ duyyinna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔudayyanu |
tudayyanu |
yudayyanu |
tudayyanāni |
yudayyanāni |
nudayyanu |
tudayyanūna |
yudayyanūna | |||
f | tudayyanīna |
tudayyanu |
tudayyanāni |
tudayyanna |
yudayyanna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔudayyana |
tudayyana |
yudayyana |
tudayyanā |
yudayyanā |
nudayyana |
tudayyanū |
yudayyanū | |||
f | tudayyanī |
tudayyana |
tudayyanā |
tudayyanna |
yudayyanna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔudayyan |
tudayyan |
yudayyan |
tudayyanā |
yudayyanā |
nudayyan |
tudayyanū |
yudayyanū | |||
f | tudayyanī |
tudayyan |
tudayyanā |
tudayyanna |
yudayyanna |
Related terms
- إِدَانَة (ʔidāna)
- اِسْتِدَانَة (istidāna)
- دَائِن (dāʔin)
- دَيْنُونَة (daynūna)
- مُدَان (mudān)
- مَدِين (madīn)
- مُدِين (mudīn)
- مَدْيُون (madyūn)
- مَدْيُونِيَّة (madyūniyya, “indebtedness”)
Etymology 4
From the root د ي ن (d-y-n).
Pronunciation
Noun
دَيْن • (dayn) m (plural دُيُون (duyūn) or أَدْيُن (ʔadyun))
- verbal noun of دَانَ (dāna) (form I)
- debt, debit, liability, pecuniary, obligation, financial claim
Declension
Declension of noun دَيْن (dayn)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | دَيْن dayn |
الدَّيْن ad-dayn |
دَيْن dayn |
Nominative | دَيْنٌ daynun |
الدَّيْنُ ad-daynu |
دَيْنُ daynu |
Accusative | دَيْنًا daynan |
الدَّيْنَ ad-dayna |
دَيْنَ dayna |
Genitive | دَيْنٍ daynin |
الدَّيْنِ ad-dayni |
دَيْنِ dayni |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | دَيْنَيْن daynayn |
الدَّيْنَيْن ad-daynayn |
دَيْنَيْ daynay |
Nominative | دَيْنَانِ daynāni |
الدَّيْنَانِ ad-daynāni |
دَيْنَا daynā |
Accusative | دَيْنَيْنِ daynayni |
الدَّيْنَيْنِ ad-daynayni |
دَيْنَيْ daynay |
Genitive | دَيْنَيْنِ daynayni |
الدَّيْنَيْنِ ad-daynayni |
دَيْنَيْ daynay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | دُيُون; أَدْيُن duyūn; ʔadyun |
الدُّيُون; الْأَدْيُن ad-duyūn; al-ʔadyun |
دُيُون; أَدْيُن duyūn; ʔadyun |
Nominative | دُيُونٌ; أَدْيُنٌ duyūnun; ʔadyunun |
الدُّيُونُ; الْأَدْيُنُ ad-duyūnu; al-ʔadyunu |
دُيُونُ; أَدْيُنُ duyūnu; ʔadyunu |
Accusative | دُيُونًا; أَدْيُنًا duyūnan; ʔadyunan |
الدُّيُونَ; الْأَدْيُنَ ad-duyūna; al-ʔadyuna |
دُيُونَ; أَدْيُنَ duyūna; ʔadyuna |
Genitive | دُيُونٍ; أَدْيُنٍ duyūnin; ʔadyunin |
الدُّيُونِ; الْأَدْيُنِ ad-duyūni; al-ʔadyuni |
دُيُونِ; أَدْيُنِ duyūni; ʔadyuni |
Etymology 5
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
Verb
References
- Badawi, Elsaid M., Abdel Haleem, Muhammad (2008) “د/ي/ن d-y-n”, in Arabic-English Dictionary of Qurʾanic Usage (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 85), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 320–321
- Cheung, Johnny (2017) On the (Middle) Iranian borrowings in Qurʾānic (and pre-Islamic) Arabic[1], Leiden: Leiden University, page 9
- Corriente, Federico (2005) “دين”, in Diccionario avanzado árabe[2] (in Spanish), 2nd edition, volume I, Barcelona: Herder, page 387
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “دين”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes[3] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 482
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) “دِين”, in The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 131 seqq.
- Freytag, Georg (1833) “دين”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[4] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 76–77
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “دين”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[5] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 758
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “دين”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[6], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 943–944
- Leslau, Wolf (1991) “የነደ”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 146
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “دين”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[7], London: W.H. Allen, pages 381–382
- Wahrmund, Adolf (1887) “دين”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache[8] (in German), volume 1, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, page 698
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “دين”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 353
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “دين”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[9] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 423
Categories:
- Arabic terms derived from Proto-Semitic
- Arabic terms borrowed from Aramaic
- Arabic terms derived from Aramaic
- Arabic terms derived from Akkadian
- Arabic terms borrowed from Middle Persian
- Arabic terms derived from Middle Persian
- Arabic terms derived from Old Persian
- Arabic terms derived from Avestan
- Arabic terms derived from Elamite
- Arabic 1-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic verbal nouns
- Arabic countable nouns
- Arabic uncountable nouns
- Arabic terms with usage examples
- Arabic terms with rare senses
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- Arabic adjectives
- Arabic adjectives with basic triptote singular
- Arabic adjectives with triptote singular in -a
- Arabic adjectives with sound masculine plural
- Arabic adjectives with sound feminine plural
- Arabic terms belonging to the root د ي ن
- Arabic 3-syllable words
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-II verbs
- Arabic sound verbs by conjugation
- Arabic hollow form-II verbs
- Arabic hollow verbs
- Arabic form-II verbs with ي as second radical
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic transitive verbs
- Arabic non-lemma forms
- Arabic verb forms