मूल

See also: मल, माल, माला, माली, and मूळ

Hindi

Etymology

From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀫𑀽𑀮 (mūla), from Sanskrit मूल (mūla). Cognate with Gujarati મૂળ (mūḷ) and Bengali মূল (mul).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /muːl/

Adjective

मूल • (mūl) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling مول)

1. original, basic, fundamental
2. native, indigenous
3. ancient, continually existent

Synonyms

• (original, basic): मूलभूत (mūlbhūt)

Noun

मूल • (mūl) m (Urdu spelling مول)

1. original copy
2. source, origin

Declension

Declension of मूल (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	मूल mūl	मूल mūl
oblique	मूल mūl	मूलों mūlõ
vocative	मूल mūl	मूलो mūlo

Related terms

• मूलाधार (mūlādhār)

Kashmiri

Noun

मूल • (mūl) m (Perso-Arabic موٗل)

1. root (of a plant, etc.)
2. origin, basis, provenance
3. (linguistics) root, stem

Marathi

Etymology

नपुसकलिंग (napusakliṅga): मूल n (mūl)
पुल्लिंग (pulliṅga): मुलगा m (mulgā)
स्त्रीलिंग (strīliṅga): मुलगी f (mulgī)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mul/, [muːl]

Noun

मूल • (mūl) n

1. child or kid regardless of gender or age

   Synonym: पोर (por)

2. son or daughter regardless of gender

   Synonym: लेकरू (lekrū)

Usage notes

While the neuter word मूल (mūl) is often used interchangeably with the words मुलगा (mulgā) and मुलगी (mulgī), the word मूल (mūl) should be discriminated from the words मुलगा (mulgā) and मुलगी (mulgī).

Declension

Declension of मूल (neut cons-stem)
direct singular	मुल mul
direct plural	मुले, मुलं mule, mula
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	मुल mul		मुले, मुलं mule, mula
oblique सामान्यरूप	मुला mulā		मुलां- mulān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	मुलाला mulālā		मुलांना mulānnā
ergative	मुलाने, मुलानं mulāne, mulāna		मुलांनी mulānnī
instrumental	मुलाशी mulāśī		मुलांशी mulānśī
locative सप्तमी	मुलात mulāt		मुलांत mulāt
vocative संबोधन	मुला mulā		मुलांनो mulānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of मूल (neut cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	मुलाचा mulāċā	मुलाचे mulāċe	मुलाची mulācī	मुलाच्या mulācā	मुलाचे, मुलाचं mulāċe, mulāċa	मुलाची mulācī	मुलाच्या mulācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	मुलांचा mulānċā	मुलांचे mulānċe	मुलांची mulāñcī	मुलांच्या mulāncā	मुलांचे, मुलांचं mulānċe, mulānċa	मुलांची mulāñcī	मुलांच्या mulāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• मुलगा (mulgā, “masculine form”)
• मुलगी (mulgī, “feminine form”)

References

• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “मूल”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Nepali

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mul]
• Phonetic Devanagari: मुल्

Adjective

मूल • (mūl)

1. main, primary
2. essential, necessary

Noun

मूल • (mūl)

1. root, source

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• mūla (Latin script)
• 𑀫𑀽𑀮 (Brahmi script)
• মূল (Bengali script)
• මූල (Sinhalese script)
• မူလ (Burmese script)
• มูล or มูละ (Thai script)
• ᨾᩪᩃ (Tai Tham script)
• ມູລ or ມູລະ (Lao script)
• មូល (Khmer script)
• 𑄟𑄫𑄣 (Chakma script)

Noun

मूल n

1. Devanagari script form of mūla

Declension

Declension table of "मूल" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	मूलं (mūlaṃ)	मूलानि (mūlāni)
Accusative (second)	मूलं (mūlaṃ)	मूलानि (mūlāni)
Instrumental (third)	मूलेन (mūlena)	मूलेहि (mūlehi) or मूलेभि (mūlebhi)
Dative (fourth)	मूलस्स (mūlassa) or मूलाय (mūlāya) or मूलत्थं (mūlatthaṃ)	मूलानं (mūlānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	मूलस्मा (mūlasmā) or मूलम्हा (mūlamhā) or मूला (mūlā)	मूलेहि (mūlehi) or मूलेभि (mūlebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	मूलस्स (mūlassa)	मूलानं (mūlānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	मूलस्मिं (mūlasmiṃ) or मूलम्हि (mūlamhi) or मूले (mūle)	मूलेसु (mūlesu)
Vocative (calling)	मूल (mūla)	मूलानि (mūlāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• মূল (Assamese script)
• ᬫᬹᬮ (Balinese script)
• মূল (Bengali script)
• 𑰦𑰳𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀫𑀽𑀮 (Brahmi script)
• မူလ (Burmese script)
• મૂલ (Gujarati script)
• ਮੂਲ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌮𑍂𑌲 (Grantha script)
• ꦩꦹꦭ (Javanese script)
• 𑂧𑂴𑂪 (Kaithi script)
• ಮೂಲ (Kannada script)
• មូល (Khmer script)
• ມູລ (Lao script)
• മൂല (Malayalam script)
• ᠮᡠᡠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘦𑘴𑘩 (Modi script)
• ᠮᠤᠤᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧆𑧕𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐩𑐹𑐮 (Newa script)
• ମୂଲ (Odia script)
• ꢪꢹꢭ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆩𑆷𑆬 (Sharada script)
• 𑖦𑖳𑖩 (Siddham script)
• මූල (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩴𑩒𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚢𑚱𑚥 (Takri script)
• மூல (Tamil script)
• మూల (Telugu script)
• มูล (Thai script)
• མཱུ་ལ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒧𑒴𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨢𑨃𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Possibly from a Proto-Dravidian word corresponding with modern Tamil முளா (muḷā) or முள்ளங்கி (muḷḷaṅki), although the direction of borrowing is unclear. Sometimes, also compared to Ancient Greek μῶλυ (môlu).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /múː.lɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈmuː.l̪ɐ/

Noun

मूल • (mū́la) stem, n

1. root
2. radish
3. base, foundation
4. origin, beginning
5. cause

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of मूल (mū́la)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मूलम् mū́lam	मूले mū́le	मूलानि / मूला¹ mū́lāni / mū́lā¹
Vocative	मूल mū́la	मूले mū́le	मूलानि / मूला¹ mū́lāni / mū́lā¹
Accusative	मूलम् mū́lam	मूले mū́le	मूलानि / मूला¹ mū́lāni / mū́lā¹
Instrumental	मूलेन mū́lena	मूलाभ्याम् mū́lābhyām	मूलैः / मूलेभिः¹ mū́laiḥ / mū́lebhiḥ¹
Dative	मूलाय mū́lāya	मूलाभ्याम् mū́lābhyām	मूलेभ्यः mū́lebhyaḥ
Ablative	मूलात् mū́lāt	मूलाभ्याम् mū́lābhyām	मूलेभ्यः mū́lebhyaḥ
Genitive	मूलस्य mū́lasya	मूलयोः mū́layoḥ	मूलानाम् mū́lānām
Locative	मूले mū́le	मूलयोः mū́layoḥ	मूलेषु mū́leṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• मूलक (mūlaka)
• मूल्य (mūlya)
• मौल (maula)
• मूलाधार (mūlādhāra)
• उन्मूलयति (unmūlayati)
• जिह्वामूलीय (jihvā́mūlīya)
• दन्तमूलीय (dántamūlīya)

Descendants

• → Indonesian: mula
• → Malay: mula
• → Tagalog: mula
• Tamil: மூலம் (mūlam)
• → Telugu: మూలము (mūlamu)
• Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
  • Bengali: মূল (mul)
• Pali: mūla
  • Khmer: មូល (muul)
  • Lao: ມູນ (mūn)
  • Burmese: မူလ (mula.)
  • Shan: မူႇလႃႉ (mùu lâ̰a)
  • Thai: มูล (muun)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀽𑀮 (mūla)
  • Old Marathi: मुळी f (muḷī)
    • Marathi: मुळा m (muḷā)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀽𑀮 (mūla)
  • Gujarati: મૂળ (mūḷ)
  • Hindi: मूल m (mūl)
  • Hindi: मूली f (mūlī)
    • English: mooli
  • Punjabi: ਮੂਲ (mūl)
  • Punjabi: ਮੂਲੀ (mūlī)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “मूल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 826.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mūˊla”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press