मूल

See also: मल, मला, माल, माला, माली, मील, मूळ, मेल, मैल, and मोल

Hindi

Etymology

From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀫𑀽𑀮 (mūla), from Sanskrit मूल (mūla). Cognate with Gujarati મૂળ (mūḷ) and Bengali মূল (mul).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /muːl/

Adjective

मूल • (mūl) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling مول)

1. original, basic, fundamental
2. native, indigenous
3. ancient, continually existent

Synonyms

• (original, basic): मूलभूत (mūlbhūt)

Noun

मूल • (mūl) m (Urdu spelling مول)

1. original
2. source, origin

Declension

Declension of मूल (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	मूल mūl	मूल mūl
oblique	मूल mūl	मूलों mūlõ
vocative	मूल mūl	मूलो mūlo

Related terms

• मूलाधार (mūlādhār)

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “मूल”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 3996
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “मूल”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 616
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “मूल”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 830
• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “मूल”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 520.

Kashmiri

Noun

मूल • (mūl) m (Perso-Arabic موٗل)

1. root (of a plant, etc.)
2. origin, basis, provenance
3. (linguistics) root, stem

Marathi

Etymology

नपुसकलिंग (napusakliṅga): मूल n (mūl)
पुल्लिंग (pulliṅga): मुलगा m (mulgā)
स्त्रीलिंग (strīliṅga): मुलगी f (mulgī)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mul/, [muːl]

Noun

मूल • (mūl) n

1. child or kid regardless of gender or age

   Synonym: पोर (por)

2. son or daughter regardless of gender

   Synonym: लेकरू (lekrū)

Usage notes

While the neuter word मूल (mūl) is often used interchangeably with the words मुलगा (mulgā) and मुलगी (mulgī), the word मूल (mūl) should be discriminated from the words मुलगा (mulgā) and मुलगी (mulgī).

Declension

Declension of मूल (neut cons-stem)
direct singular	मुल mul
direct plural	मुले, मुलं mule, mula
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	मुल mul		मुले, मुलं mule, mula
oblique सामान्यरूप	मुला mulā		मुलां- mulān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	मुलाला mulālā		मुलांना mulānnā
ergative	मुलाने, मुलानं mulāne, mulāna		मुलांनी mulānnī
instrumental	मुलाशी mulāśī		मुलांशी mulānśī
locative सप्तमी	मुलात mulāt		मुलांत mulāt
vocative संबोधन	मुला mulā		मुलांनो mulānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of मूल (neut cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	मुलाचा mulāċā	मुलाचे mulāċe	मुलाची mulācī	मुलाच्या mulācā	मुलाचे, मुलाचं mulāċe, mulāċa	मुलाची mulācī	मुलाच्या mulācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	मुलांचा mulānċā	मुलांचे mulānċe	मुलांची mulāñcī	मुलांच्या mulāncā	मुलांचे, मुलांचं mulānċe, mulānċa	मुलांची mulāñcī	मुलांच्या mulāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• मुलगा (mulgā, “masculine form”)
• मुलगी (mulgī, “feminine form”)

References

• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “मूल”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Nepali

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mul]
• Phonetic Devanagari: मुल्

Adjective

मूल • (mūl)

1. main, primary
2. essential, necessary

Noun

मूल • (mūl)

1. root, source

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• mūla (Latin script)
• 𑀫𑀽𑀮 (Brahmi script)
• মূল (Bengali script)
• මූල (Sinhalese script)
• မူလ (Burmese script)
• มูล or มูละ (Thai script)
• ᨾᩪᩃ (Tai Tham script)
• ມູລ or ມູລະ (Lao script)
• មូល (Khmer script)
• 𑄟𑄫𑄣 (Chakma script)

Noun

मूल n

1. Devanagari script form of mūla

Declension

Declension table of "मूल" (neuter)

Case / Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	मूलं (mūlaṃ)	मूलानि (mūlāni)
Accusative (second)	मूलं (mūlaṃ)	मूलानि (mūlāni)
Instrumental (third)	मूलेन (mūlena)	मूलेहि (mūlehi) or मूलेभि (mūlebhi)
Dative (fourth)	मूलस्स (mūlassa) or मूलाय (mūlāya) or मूलत्थं (mūlatthaṃ)	मूलानं (mūlānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	मूलस्मा (mūlasmā) or मूलम्हा (mūlamhā) or मूला (mūlā)	मूलेहि (mūlehi) or मूलेभि (mūlebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	मूलस्स (mūlassa)	मूलानं (mūlānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	मूलस्मिं (mūlasmiṃ) or मूलम्हि (mūlamhi) or मूले (mūle)	मूलेसु (mūlesu)
Vocative (calling)	मूल (mūla)	मूलानि (mūlāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• मूर॑ (mū́ra)

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• মূল (Assamese script)
• ᬫᬹᬮ (Balinese script)
• মূল (Bengali script)
• 𑰦𑰳𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀫𑀽𑀮 (Brahmi script)
• မူလ (Burmese script)
• મૂલ (Gujarati script)
• ਮੂਲ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌮𑍂𑌲 (Grantha script)
• ꦩꦹꦭ (Javanese script)
• 𑂧𑂴𑂪 (Kaithi script)
• ಮೂಲ (Kannada script)
• មូល (Khmer script)
• ມູລ (Lao script)
• മൂല (Malayalam script)
• ᠮᡠᡠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘦𑘴𑘩 (Modi script)
• ᠮᠤᠤᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧆𑧕𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐩𑐹𑐮 (Newa script)
• ମୂଲ (Odia script)
• ꢪꢹꢭ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆩𑆷𑆬 (Sharada script)
• 𑖦𑖳𑖩 (Siddham script)
• මූල (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩴𑩒𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚢𑚱𑚥 (Takri script)
• மூல (Tamil script)
• మూల (Telugu script)
• มูล (Thai script)
• མཱུ་ལ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒧𑒴𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨢𑨃𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Of unclear origin. If the relation with Khotanese [script needed] (muḷ) is inherited rather than borrowed, then a Proto-Indo-Iranian *muždam may be reconstructed, though the Proto-Indo-Iranian form may still be a loanword. Note tentative similarities to Proto-Germanic *mūlą (“muzzle”), which, if related, would suggest an interpretation of मूल (mūla) as the "muzzle of plants for drinking water".

Alternatively, as proposed by Turner, possibly from a Proto-Dravidian word corresponding with modern Tamil முளா (muḷā) or முள்ளங்கி (muḷḷaṅki), although the direction of borrowing is unclear. Sometimes, also compared to Ancient Greek μῶλυ (môlu).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /múː.lɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /muː.l̪ɐ/

Noun

मूल॑ • (mū́la) stem, n

1. root
2. radish
3. base, foundation
4. origin, beginning
5. cause

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of मूल॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मूल॑म् (mū́lam)	मूले॑ (mū́le)	मूला॑नि (mū́lāni) मूला॑¹ (mū́lā¹)
accusative	मूल॑म् (mū́lam)	मूले॑ (mū́le)	मूला॑नि (mū́lāni) मूला॑¹ (mū́lā¹)
instrumental	मूले॑न (mū́lena)	मूला॑भ्याम् (mū́lābhyām)	मूलैः॑ (mū́laiḥ) मूले॑भिः¹ (mū́lebhiḥ¹)
dative	मूला॑य (mū́lāya)	मूला॑भ्याम् (mū́lābhyām)	मूले॑भ्यः (mū́lebhyaḥ)
ablative	मूला॑त् (mū́lāt)	मूला॑भ्याम् (mū́lābhyām)	मूले॑भ्यः (mū́lebhyaḥ)
genitive	मूल॑स्य (mū́lasya)	मूल॑योः (mū́layoḥ)	मूला॑नाम् (mū́lānām)
locative	मूले॑ (mū́le)	मूल॑योः (mū́layoḥ)	मूले॑षु (mū́leṣu)
vocative	मूल॑ (mū́la)	मूले॑ (mū́le)	मूला॑नि (mū́lāni) मूला॑¹ (mū́lā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• उन्मूलयति (unmūlayati)
• जिह्वामूलीय (jihvā́mūlīya)
• दन्तमूलीय (dántamūlīya)
• मूलक (mūlaka)
• मूलाधार (mūlādhāra)
• मू॒लिन् (mūlín)
• मूल्य (mūlya)
• मौल (maula)
• मौल्य (maulya)

Descendants

• → Indonesian: mula
• → Malay: mula
• → Tagalog: mula
• → Tamil: மூலம் (mūlam)
• → Telugu: మూలము (mūlamu)
• Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
  • Bengali: মূল (mul)
• Pali: mūla
  • → Burmese: မူလ (mula.)
  • → Khmer: មូល (muul)
  • → Lao: ມູນ (mūn)
  • → Shan: မူႇလႃႉ (mùu lâ̰a)
  • → Thai: มูล (muun)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀽𑀮 (mūla)
  • Old Marathi: मुळी f (muḷī)
    • Marathi: मुळा m (muḷā)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀽𑀮 (mūla)
  • Gujarati: મૂળ (mūḷ)
  • Hindi: मूल m (mūl), मूली f (mūlī)
    • → English: mooli
    • → Pashto: مولۍ
  • Punjabi: ਮੂਲ (mūl)
  • Punjabi: ਮੂਲੀ (mūlī)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899), “मूल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 826, column 2.