京都

Chinese

		capital; Beijing (abbrev.)	metropolis; capital city; all metropolis; capital city; all; both (if two things are involved); entirely; even; already
simp. and trad. (京都)		京	都

Etymology

“Kyoto”

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 京都 (Kyōto).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīngdū

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ ㄉㄨ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ging¹ dou¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiaⁿ-to͘

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīngdū
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄉㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jingdu
    • Wade–Giles: ching¹-tu¹
    • Yale: jīng-dū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingdu
    • Palladius: цзинду (czindu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ging¹ dou¹
    • Yale: gīng dōu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ging¹ dou¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ging¹ dou¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiaⁿ-to͘
    • Tâi-lô: kiann-too
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvia'dof
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiã⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiã³³ tɔ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiã⁴⁴⁻²² tɔ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: kjaeng tu

Rime
Character	京	都
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	舉卿切	當孤切
Baxter	kjaeng	tu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋ/	/tuo/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋ/	/tuo/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋ/	/to/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋ/	/tɔ/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋ/	/to/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋ/	/tu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋ/	/tuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīng	dū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging1	dou1

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 京都

1. (literary) capital city (of a country)

Usage notes

When translating the English term capital city, use 首都 (shǒudū) when referring to the capital of a country, 首府 (shǒufǔ) when referring to the capital of a state or autonomous region, and 省會／省会 (shěnghuì) when referring to the capital of a province. Alternative terms for the capital of a country include 國都／国都 (guódū), 京城 (jīngchéng), 京都 (jīngdū), 京邑 (jīngyì) and 都城 (dūchéng) all of which are more commonly used in literary language.

Synonyms

(deprecated template usage)

• 上國／上国 (shàngguó) (literary)
• 京城 (jīngchéng) (literary)
• 京師／京师 (jīngshī) (literary)
• 京華／京华 (jīnghuá) (literary)
• 京邑 (jīngyì) (literary)
• 國家／国家 (guójiā) (Classical Chinese)
• 國都／国都 (guódū)
• 帝都 (dìdū) (imperial capital)
• 王京 (wángjīng) (literary, royal capital)
• 王都 (wángdū) (formal, royal capital)
• 皇州 (huángzhōu) (literary, imperial capital)
• 神州 (shénzhōu) (literary)
• 都城 (dūchéng)
• 都邑 (dūyì) (literary)
• 鎬京／镐京 (hàojīng) (literary)
• 長安／长安 (cháng'ān) (literary, figurative)
• 首都 (shǒudū)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (京都):

• → Japanese: 京都(きょうと) (Kyōto)

See also

• 省會／省会 (shěnghuì)
• 首府 (shǒufǔ)

Proper noun

(deprecated template usage) 京都

1. (～市) Kyoto (a city in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)
2. (～府) Kyoto (a prefecture of Japan)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
京	都
きょう Grade: 2	と Grade: 3
goon	kan'on

Alternative spelling
京都 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

/kjauto/ → /kjɔːto/ → /kjoːto/

From Middle Chinese 京都 (MC kjaeng tu, literally “capital city”).

Proper noun

京(きょう)都(と) or 京都(proper) • (kyōto or proper) ^{←きやうと (kyauto)?}[[Category:Japanese
|きょうと]]

1. a placename, especially:
   1. Short for 京都府 (Kyōto-fu): Kyoto Prefecture
   2. Short for 京都市 (Kyōto-shi): Kyoto, the prefectural capital of Kyoto Prefecture

      Synonyms: 京 (Kyō), 京の都 (Kyō no miyako)

3. a female given name

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 京都五山(きょうとござん) (Kyōto Gozan)
• 京都御所(きょうとごしょ) (Kyōto Gosho)
• 京都所司(きょうとしょし)代(だい) (Kyōto Shoshidai)
• 京都代官(きょうとだいかん) (Kyōto Daikan)
• 京都弁(きょうとべん) (Kyōto-ben)
• 京都盆地(きょうとぼんち) (Kyōto Bonchi)
• 京都守護(きょうとしゅご) (Kyōto Shugo)

Descendants

• → English: Kyoto
• → Korean: 교토 (Gyoto)
• → Portuguese: Kyoto
• → Russian: Кио́то m (Kióto)
• → Vietnamese: Kinh Đô

See also

• 上方(かみがた) (Kamigata)
• 京師(けいし) (Keishi)
• 京阪(けいはん) (Keihan, “Kyoto and Osaka”)
• 京(みやこ), 都(みやこ) (miyako)
• 平安(へいあん)京(きょう) (Heian-kyō)
• 洛陽(らくよう) (Rakuyō)

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Okinawan

Etymology

From Japanese 京都 (Kyōto).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ɕoːtu/

Proper noun

1. Kyoto

References

• “チョートゥ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
• National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (2001 [1963]) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Zaimushō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)

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Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
京	都

Proper noun

京都

1. chữ Hán form of Kinh Đô (“Kyoto”).