倔

Translingual

Han character

倔 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人尸山山 (OSUU), four-corner 2727₂, composition ⿰亻屈)

1. stubborn, obstinate, intransigent
2. firm

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 107, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 769
• Dae Jaweon: page 229, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 185, character 4
• Unihan data for U+5014

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		倔

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (出) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
聉	*r̥ʰuːlʔ, *ŋrɯd, *ʔr'uːd, *ŋruːd
贅	*kljods
祟	*sqʰluds
出	*kʰljuds, *kʰljud
茁	*ʔl'ɯd, *skruːd, *skrod, *skrud
欪	*qʰlɯd, *l̥ʰud
貀	*ŋr'uːd
袦	*ŋr'oːd
咄	*ʔl'oːd, *ʔl'uːd
柮	*sɡloːd, *ʔl'uːd
拙	*kljod
炪	*kljod, *l̥ʰud
掘	*ɡlod, *ɡlud
鈯	*l'uːd
啒	*kluːd, *qʰluːd
淈	*kluːd, *ɡluːd
窟	*kʰluːd
泏	*kʰluːd, *ʔl'ud
堀	*kʰluːd, *ɡlud
胐	*kʰluːd
窋	*ʔl'ud
絀	*ʔl'ud
黜	*l̥ʰud
屈	*klud, *kʰlud
趉	*klud
鶌	*klud
詘	*kʰlud
倔	*ɡlud
崛	*ɡlud, *ŋɡlud

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡlud) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 屈 (OC *klud, *kʰlud).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jué, juè (jue², jue⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄝˊ, ㄐㄩㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwat⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ku̍t

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jué
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄝˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyué
    • Wade–Giles: chüeh²
    • Yale: jywé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyue
    • Palladius: цзюэ (czjue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: juè
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyuè
    • Wade–Giles: chüeh⁴
    • Yale: jywè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiueh
    • Palladius: цзюэ (czjue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹/

Note: juè - describes temper or manner.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gwat⁶
    • Yale: gwaht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gued⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐt̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ku̍t
    • Tâi-lô: ku̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kut
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kut̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kut̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kut̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kut̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kut̚⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: gjut

Rime
Character	倔
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	物 (60)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	衢物切
Baxter	gjut
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨut̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡiut̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gut̚/
Li Rong	/ɡiuət̚/
Wang Li	/ɡĭuət̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯uət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwat6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ut/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡlud/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	倔
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jué
Middle Chinese	‹ gjut ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ut/
English	strong, unyielding
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	倔
Reading #	1/1
No.	1584
Phonetic component	出
Rime group	物
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	倔
Old Chinese	/*ɡlud/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 倔

1. stubborn; obstinate

   倔強／倔强  ―  juéjiàng  ―  stubborn; obstinate

   倔脾氣／倔脾气  ―  juè píqì  ―  self-willed; bad-tempered

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Japanese

Kanji

倔

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): くつ (kutsu)
• Kun: つよい (tsuyoi)

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Korean

Hanja

倔 (eum 굴 (gul))

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Vietnamese

Han character

倔: Hán Nôm readings: quật, oặt, quặt, quất, quịt

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation