Translingual [ edit ]
Han character [ edit ]
掘 (Kangxi radical 64, 手 +8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手尸山山 (QSUU ), four-corner 57072 , composition ⿰扌 屈 )
References [ edit ]
KangXi: page 438 , character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12264
Dae Jaweon: page 787, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1909, character 2
Unihan data for U+6398
Chinese [ edit ]
Glyph origin [ edit ]
Old Chinese
聉
*r̥ʰuːlʔ, *ŋrɯd, *ʔr'uːd, *ŋruːd
贅
*kljods
祟
*sqʰluds
出
*kʰljuds, *kʰljud
茁
*ʔl'ɯd, *skruːd, *skrod, *skrud
欪
*qʰlɯd, *l̥ʰud
貀
*ŋr'uːd
袦
*ŋr'oːd
咄
*ʔl'oːd, *ʔl'uːd
柮
*sɡloːd, *ʔl'uːd
拙
*kljod
炪
*kljod, *l̥ʰud
掘
*ɡlod, *ɡlud
鈯
*l'uːd
啒
*kluːd, *qʰluːd
淈
*kluːd, *ɡluːd
窟
*kʰluːd
泏
*kʰluːd, *ʔl'ud
堀
*kʰluːd, *ɡlud
胐
*kʰluːd
窋
*ʔl'ud
絀
*ʔl'ud
黜
*l̥ʰud
屈
*klud, *kʰlud
趉
*klud
鶌
*klud
詘
*kʰlud
倔
*ɡlud
崛
*ɡlud, *ŋɡlud
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 , OC *ɡlod, *ɡlud ): semantic 扌 ( “ hand; action ” ) + phonetic 屈 ( OC *klud, *kʰlud) .
Etymology 1 [ edit ]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-(k/g)wa-t ( “ to dig out; to scoop out ” ) , cognate to Tibetan རྐོད་པ ( rkod pa ) , རྐོ་བ ( rko ba , “ to dig; to hoe ” ) (STEDT ). Possibly related to 決 (OC *kʷeːd , “to dig an outlet for water; to burst out”).
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Rime
Character
掘
掘
Reading #
1/2
2/2
Initial (聲 )
群 (30)
群 (30)
Final (韻 )
物 (60)
月 (68)
Tone (調 )
Checked (Ø)
Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合 )
Closed
Closed
Division (等 )
III
III
Fanqie
衢 物 切
其 月 切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang
/ɡɨut̚/
/ɡʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun
/ɡiut̚/
/ɡʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen
/ɡiuət̚/
/ɡiuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank
/gut̚/
/guat̚/
Li Rong
/ɡiuət̚/
/ɡiuɐt̚/
Wang Li
/ɡĭuət̚/
/ɡĭwɐt̚/
Bernard Karlgren
/gi̯uət̚/
/gi̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex
jú
jué
Expected Cantonese Reflex
gwat6
gyut6
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
掘
掘
Reading #
1/2
2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
jué
jué
Middle Chinese
‹ gjut ›
‹ gjwot ›
Old Chinese
/*[ɡ]ut/
/*[ɡ]ot/
English
dig out (earth)
dig out (earth)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
掘
掘
Reading #
2/2
1/2
No.
1586
1559
Phonetic component
出
出
Rime group
物
月
Rime subdivision
2
3
Corresponding MC rime
倔
𧤼
Old Chinese
/*ɡlud/
/*ɡlod/
Definitions [ edit ]
掘
to dig ; to excavate
( Hakka ) to scratch (with nails , claws )
Compounds [ edit ]
Etymology 2 [ edit ]
For pronunciation and definitions of 掘 – see 窟 (“cave ”). (This character, 掘 , is an obsolete form of 窟 .)
Japanese [ edit ]
掘
(common “Jōyō” kanji )
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.
Readings [ edit ]
掘 • (gul, gwol ) (hangeul 굴 , 궐 , revised gul, gwol, McCune–Reischauer kul, kwŏl, Yale kwul, kwel)
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.
Vietnamese [ edit ]
Han character [ edit ]
掘 : Hán Nôm readings: quật , oặt , quặt , quất , quịt , quát , quạt
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.