掘
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See also: 撅
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]掘 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手尸山山 (QSUU), four-corner 57072, composition ⿰扌屈)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 438, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12264
- Dae Jaweon: page 787, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1909, character 2
- Unihan data for U+6398
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
掘 |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 掘 | |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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聉 | *r̥ʰuːlʔ, *ŋrɯd, *ʔr'uːd, *ŋruːd |
贅 | *kljods |
祟 | *sqʰluds |
出 | *kʰljuds, *kʰljud |
茁 | *ʔl'ɯd, *skruːd, *skrod, *skrud |
欪 | *qʰlɯd, *l̥ʰud |
貀 | *ŋr'uːd |
袦 | *ŋr'oːd |
咄 | *ʔl'oːd, *ʔl'uːd |
柮 | *sɡloːd, *ʔl'uːd |
拙 | *kljod |
炪 | *kljod, *l̥ʰud |
掘 | *ɡlod, *ɡlud |
鈯 | *l'uːd |
啒 | *kluːd, *qʰluːd |
淈 | *kluːd, *ɡluːd |
窟 | *kʰluːd |
泏 | *kʰluːd, *ʔl'ud |
堀 | *kʰluːd, *ɡlud |
胐 | *kʰluːd |
窋 | *ʔl'ud |
絀 | *ʔl'ud |
黜 | *l̥ʰud |
屈 | *klud, *kʰlud |
趉 | *klud |
鶌 | *klud |
詘 | *kʰlud |
倔 | *ɡlud |
崛 | *ɡlud, *ŋɡlud |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɡlod, *ɡlud) : semantic 扌 (“hand; action”) + phonetic 屈 (OC *klud, *kʰlud).
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-(k/g)wa-t (“to dig out; to scoop out”), cognate to Tibetan རྐོད་པ (rkod pa), རྐོ་བ (rko ba, “to dig; to hoe”) (STEDT). Possibly related to 決 (OC *kʷeːd, “to dig an outlet for water; to burst out”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gwat6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khu̍t
- Northern Min (KCR): gṳ̄
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8jiuq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄝˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jyué
- Wade–Giles: chüeh2
- Yale: jywé
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyue
- Palladius: цзюэ (czjue)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gwat6
- Yale: gwaht
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwat9
- Guangdong Romanization: gued6
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷɐt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khu̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: kud
- Hagfa Pinyim: kud6
- Sinological IPA: /kʰut̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ̄
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- “to dig; to beat”.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 掘 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕyɛ³⁵/ |
Harbin | /t͡ɕyɛ⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡ɕye⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /t͡ɕyə⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡ɕyə²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕyɛ²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡ɕyɛ²¹/ | |
Xining | /t͡ɕyu⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡ɕye¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡ɕyə⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡ɕyɤ⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡ɕye²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰyo³¹/ /t͡ɕʰy³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰiu²¹/ 老 /t͡ɕie²¹/ 新 | |
Kunming | /t͡ɕʰiu³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡ɕyeʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /t͡ɕyɐʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕyəʔ⁵⁴/ |
Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡ɕyaʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /d͡ʑyɪʔ¹/ |
Suzhou | /d͡ʑyəʔ³/ | |
Hangzhou | /d͡zz̩ʷəʔ²/ | |
Wenzhou | /d͡ʑy²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰyeʔ²¹/ |
Tunxi | ||
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕye²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /t͡ɕyæ²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | |
Hakka | Meixian | /kʰiut̚¹/ |
Taoyuan | /kʰut̚⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kwɐt̚²/ |
Nanning | /kʷet̚²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /kwɐt̚²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kut̚⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kuʔ⁵/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /ky⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kuk̚⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /kut̚³/ |
- Middle Chinese: gjut, gjwot
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ut/, /*[ɡ]ot/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡlud/, /*ɡlod/
Definitions
[edit]掘
- to dig; to excavate
- (Hakka) to scratch (with nails, claws)
- (Mainland China Hokkien) to beat; to hit; to strike (with a mallet, etc.)
Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 挖 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 挖 |
Malaysia | 挖 | |
Singapore | 挖 | |
Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 挖 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 掘 |
Xi'an | 挖 | |
Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 挖 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 挖 |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 挖 |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 掘 |
Hong Kong | 掘 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 挖 |
Pingxiang | 挖 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 挖 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 掘 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 搤, 摀, 挖 |
Quanzhou | 搤, 挖 | |
Jinjiang | 搤 | |
Zhangzhou | 摀, 挖 | |
Tainan | 搤, 摀 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 搤, 摀 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 搤 | |
Leizhou | 掘 | |
Haikou | 掘 | |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 挖 |
Wu | Shanghai | 掘 |
Shanghai (Chongming) | 挖 | |
Suzhou | 掘 | |
Wenzhou | 掘 | |
Jinhua | 掘 |
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 掘 – see 窟 (“cave”). (This character is an obsolete form of 窟). |
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]掘
- to dig
Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]掘 • (gul, gwol) (hangeul 굴, 궐, revised gul, gwol, McCune–Reischauer kul, kwŏl, Yale kwul, kwel)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]掘: Hán Nôm readings: quật, oặt, quặt, quất, quịt, quát, quạt
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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