凱

See also: 凯

Translingual

Han character

凱 (Kangxi radical 16, 几+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 山廿竹弓 (UTHN), four-corner 2711₀, composition ⿰豈几)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 134, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1790
• Dae Jaweon: page 300, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 278, character 13
• Unihan data for U+51F1

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Chinese

trad.		凱
simp.		凯

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (豈) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
獃	*tŋɯː, *ŋɯː
剴	*kŋɯːl, *ŋɯːl
凱	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
愷	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
塏	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
鎧	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯːls
颽	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
暟	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
闓	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯːls
豈	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ
隑	*ɡɯːls, *ŋɯːl
皚	*ŋɯːl
嵦	*ŋɡɯːl
敳	*ŋɯːl
磑	*ŋɯːl, *ŋuːl, *ŋuːls
螘	*ŋralʔ, *ŋɯlʔ
覬	*krɯls
溰	*ŋɯl
顗	*ŋɯlʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǎi (kai³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi² / ngoi²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khái

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǎi
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǎi
    • Wade–Giles: kʻai³
    • Yale: kǎi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kae
    • Palladius: кай (kaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hoi² / ngoi²
    • Yale: hói / ngói
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoi² / ngoi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: hoi² / ngoi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯³⁵/, /ŋɔːi̯³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khái
    • Tâi-lô: khái
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qae
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰai⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰai⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰai⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰai⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: khojX

Rime
Character	凱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦亥切
Baxter	khojX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌiX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəiX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəjX/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀiX/
Wang Li	/kʰɒiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑ̆iX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǎi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoi2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʰˤəjʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	凱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kǎi
Middle Chinese	‹ khojX ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʰˁəjʔ/
English	pleasant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	凱
Reading #	1/1
No.	10102
Phonetic component	豈
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	愷
Old Chinese	/*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ/
Notes	同愷，豈轉註字

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 凱

1. music of triumph
2. triumph; victory
3. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 愷／恺 (kǎi, “peaceful; harmonious”).
4. (Taiwan, colloquial) generous with money
5. a surname

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Japanese

Kanji

凱

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

The definition of this kanji is "triumph" or "victory". Some translations write it as "victory song".

Readings

• Go-on: かい (kai)
• Kan-on: かい (kai)
• Kan’yō-on: がい (gai)
• Kun: かちどき (kachidoki, 凱)、やわらぐ (yawaragu, 凱らぐ)

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Korean

Hanja

凱 (eum 개 (gae))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

凱: Hán Nôm readings: khải, ngai

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.