坑

See also: 阬

Translingual

Han character

坑 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 土卜竹弓 (GYHN), four-corner 4011₇, composition ⿰土亢)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 226, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4932
• Dae Jaweon: page 460, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 426, character 9
• Unihan data for U+5751

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		坑
alternative forms		阬

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kēng (keng¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haang¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hâng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hang¹

• Northern Min (KCR): káng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kheng / khiⁿ / kheⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kên¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: keng
    • Wade–Giles: kʻêng¹
    • Yale: kēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keng
    • Palladius: кэн (kɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (坑兒／坑儿)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kēngr
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄥㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kengr
    • Wade–Giles: kʻêng¹-ʼrh
    • Yale: kēngr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kengl
    • Palladius: кэнр (kɛnr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/

Note: kēngr - "pit; hollow".

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: haang¹
    • Yale: hāang
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haang¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hang¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hâng
    • Hakka Romanization System: hang^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hang¹
    • Sinological IPA: /haŋ²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hang¹
    • Sinological IPA: /haŋ⁴⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: káng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ⁵⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kheng
    • Tâi-lô: khing
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qefng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɪŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: khinn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qvy
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰĩ³³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kʰĩ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kheⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: khenn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qvef
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰẽ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

Note:

• kheng - literary;
• khiⁿ/kheⁿ - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: kên¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kheⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰẽ³³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 坑
Mandarin	Beijing	/kʰəŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/kʰəŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/kʰəŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/kʰəŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/kʰəŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/kʰəŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/kʰəŋ²¹/
	Xining	/kʰə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kʰəŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/kʰə̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/kʰɤŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/kʰən⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/kʰən⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/kʰen⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/kʰə⁴⁴̃/
	Nanjing	/kʰən³¹/
	Hefei	/kʰən²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kʰəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/kʰəŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/kʰə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/kʰɑ̃⁵³/
	Suzhou	/kʰã⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/kʰen³³/
	Wenzhou	/kʰiɛ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/kʰʌ̃³¹/ /kʰɛ³¹/
	Tunxi	/kʰɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/kʰən³³/
	Xiangtan	/kʰən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/kʰɑŋ⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/haŋ⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/hɑŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/haŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/haŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/haŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kʰiŋ⁵⁵/ /kʰĩ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kʰaŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kʰaŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰẽ³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/xaŋ³⁵/ /xaŋ³¹/ 俗

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• Middle Chinese: khaeng

Rime
Character	坑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	客庚切
Baxter	khaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/kʰɐŋ/
Wang Li	/kʰɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hang1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰraːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坑
Reading #	1/1
No.	7399
Phonetic component	亢
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	阬
Old Chinese	/*kʰraːŋ/
Notes	同阬見莊子

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 坑

1. pit, hole
2. tunnel
3. (figurative) trap
4. (by extension, neologism, Internet slang) a fandom; a media franchise
5. to bury alive
6. to entrap

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

坑

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kun: あな (ana, 坑)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
坑
こう Grade: S
on'yomi

Noun

坑(こう) • (kō) 

1. pit, usually of a mine

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Korean

Hanja

坑 • (gaeng) (hangeul 갱, revised gaeng, McCune–Reischauer kaeng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 坑 (khanh, ganh)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.