幾何

See also: 几何

Chinese

		how much; how many; several how much; how many; several; a few; almost	carry; what; how carry; what; how; why; which
trad. (幾何)		幾	何
simp. (几何)		几	何

Etymology

geometry

First used in Xu Guangqi and Matteo Ricci's translation of Euclid's Elements in 1607. The method and origin of derivation is disputed.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jǐhé

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˇ ㄏㄜˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gei² ho⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kí-hô / kí-hô͘ / ki-hô / ki-hô͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gi¹ ho⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jǐhé
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ ㄏㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jǐhé
    • Wade–Giles: chi³-ho²
    • Yale: jǐ-hé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiiher
    • Palladius: цзихэ (czixɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jǐhér
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ ㄏㄜˊㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jǐhér
    • Wade–Giles: chi³-ho²-ʼrh
    • Yale: jǐ-hér
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiiher'l
    • Palladius: цзихэр (czixɛr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤɻ³⁵/

Note: Erhua-ed pronunciation is only used for the geometry sense.

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gei² ho⁴
    • Yale: géi hòh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gei² ho⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: géi² ho⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯³⁵ hɔː²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kí-hô
    • Tâi-lô: kí-hô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ky'hooi
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ki⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɤ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kí-hô͘
    • Tâi-lô: kí-hôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ky'hoo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-hô
    • Tâi-lô: ki-hô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ki'hooi
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-hô͘
    • Tâi-lô: ki-hôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ki'hoo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³ hɔ²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gi¹ ho⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ki hô
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³³⁻²³ ho⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: kj+jX ha

Rime
Character	幾	何
Reading #	3/4	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	微 (20)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	居狶切	胡歌切
Baxter	kj+jX	ha
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨiX/	/ɦɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨiX/	/ɦɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiəiX/	/ɣɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨjX/	/ɦa/
Li Rong	/kiəiX/	/ɣɑ/
Wang Li	/kĭəiX/	/ɣɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ke̯iX/	/ɣɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐ	hé
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei2	ho4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kəjʔ  [ɡ]ˤaj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯlʔ  ɡaːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	幾	何
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐ	hé
Middle Chinese	‹ kjɨjX ›	‹ ha ›
Old Chinese	/*kəjʔ/	/*[ɡ]ˁaj/
English	few; how many	what
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	幾	何
Reading #	2/4	1/2
No.	5800	7458
Phonetic component	幾	可
Rime group	微	歌
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	蟣	何
Old Chinese	/*kɯlʔ/	/*ɡaːl/

Adverb

(deprecated template usage) 幾何

1. (literary) how much; how many

   您女兒芳齡幾何？ [MSC, trad.]
   您女儿芳龄几何？ [MSC, simp.]

   Nín nǚ'ér fānglíng jǐhé? [Pinyin]

   How old is your daughter? [honorific]

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 多少 (“how many; how much”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		幾, 幾何, 幾多, 幾許, 多少
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		多少
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	多少
	Taiwan	多少
	Singapore	多少
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	多少
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	多少
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	好多
	Wuhan	幾多, 好多
	Guilin	好多
	Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)	幾, 幾多
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	多少
	Hefei	好些, 好多
Cantonese	Guangzhou	幾多, 幾
	Hong Kong	幾多, 幾
	Taishan	幾多
	Yangjiang	幾多, 幾
	Singapore (Guangfu)	幾多, 幾
Gan	Nanchang	幾多
Hakka	Meixian	幾多
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	幾多
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	幾多
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	幾多
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	幾多
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	幾多
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	幾多
Jin	Taiyuan	多少
Northern Min	Jian'ou	幾多
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	若夥
	Singapore (Fuqing)	若夥
Southern Min	Xiamen	偌濟
	Quanzhou	偌濟
	Shishi	偌濟
	Zhangzhou	偌濟
	Zhao'an	偌濟
	Tainan	偌濟, 幾
	Penang (Hokkien)	幾
	Singapore (Hokkien)	偌濟, 幾
	Manila (Hokkien)	偌濟, 幾
	Chaozhou	若濟
	Shantou	若濟
	Jieyang	若濟
	Pontianak (Teochew)	若濟
	Haikou	偌濟
Wu	Shanghai	多少, 幾化, 幾多化 dated
	Shanghai (Qingpu)	幾好
	Shanghai (Jiading)	幾漢
	Shanghai (Chongming)	多話
	Suzhou	幾化
	Wuxi	幾化
	Ningbo	多少
	Wenzhou	幾倈兒, 幾倈
	Lishui	幾粒
	Qingyuan	多
Xiang	Changsha	好多
	Xiangtan	幾, 幾多
	Shuangfeng	好多, 幾多

Noun

(deprecated template usage) 幾何

1. (mathematics) geometry

Derived terms

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
幾	何
き Grade: S	か Grade: 2

Etymology

From 幾(き) (ki, “how much”) + 何(か) (ka, “what”).

Pronunciation

• Homophones: 気化, 帰化

Noun

幾(き)何(か) • (kika) 

1. Alternative form of 幾何学 (“geometry”)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• リーマン幾何(きか) (rīmankika): Riemann geometry, Riemannian geometry
• 代数幾何(だいすうきか) (daisūkika): algebraic geometry
• 位相幾何(いそうきか) (isōkika): topology
• 幾何学(きかがく) (kikagaku): geometry

• 幾何学的(きかがくてき) (kikagakuteki): geometrical
• 幾何級数(きかきゅうすう) (kikakyūsū): geometric series, geometric progression
• 微分幾何(びぶんきか) (bibunkika): differential geometry

Adverb

幾何(いくばく) or 幾何(adverb) • (ikubaku or adverb) [[Category:Japanese
|いくはく']]

1. how many, how much

Usage notes

• In modern Japanese, the spellings いくばく, 幾許 and 幾ばく are preferred over 幾何 when used as an adverb.

Alternative forms

• 幾許(いくばく) (ikubaku)

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Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
幾	何

Adjective

幾何

1. chữ Hán form of kỉ hà (“geometric”).