態

See also: 态, and 熊

Translingual

Han character

態 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈心心 (IPP), four-corner 2133₁, composition ⿱能心)

Descendants

• 态

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 398, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11052
• Dae Jaweon: page 737, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2335, character 7
• Unihan data for U+614B

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Chinese

trad.		態
simp.		态

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 態
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (能) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
態	*n̥ʰɯːs
能	*nɯː, *nɯːs, *nɯːŋ, *nɯːŋʔ
螚	*nɯːs
褦	*nɯːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰɯːs) : phonetic 能 (OC *nɯː, *nɯːs, *nɯːŋ, *nɯːŋʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”) – one’s heart-felt attitude.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tài (tai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): taai³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thài / thāi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tai³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tài
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tài
    • Wade–Giles: tʻai⁴
    • Yale: tài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tay
    • Palladius: тай (taj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: taai³
    • Yale: taai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: taai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: tai³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːi̯³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thài
    • Tâi-lô: thài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: taix
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰai⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰai¹¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /tʰai²¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thāi
    • Tâi-lô: thāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tai
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰai³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tai³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thài
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰai²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: thojH

Rime
Character	態
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	他代切
Baxter	thojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰəiH/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰəjH/
Li Rong	/tʰᴀiH/
Wang Li	/tʰɒiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	toi3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥ˤə-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰɯːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	態
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tài
Middle Chinese	‹ thojH ›
Old Chinese	/*n̥ˁə-s/
English	bearing, manner
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	態
Reading #	1/1
No.	9410
Phonetic component	能
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	貸
Old Chinese	/*n̥ʰɯːs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 態

1. condition; state
2. form; shape
3. manner; bearing; attitude
4. situation; posture
5. (grammar) voice; diathesis

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Japanese

Kanji

態

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: たい (tai, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: たい (tai, Jōyō)
• Kun: さま (sama, 態)、わざと (wazato, 態と)

Noun

態(たい) • (tai) 

1. (grammar) voice - a particular mode of inflecting or conjugating verbs, or a particular form of a verb, by means of which is indicated the relation of the subject of the verb to the action which the verb expresses.

Suffix

態(たい) • (-tai) 

1. (grammar) voice, diathesis

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Korean

Hanja

態 • (tae) (hangeul 태, revised tae, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, Yale thay)

1. manner, bearing, attitude

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 態 (thái, thói)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.