拳

See also: 挙

Translingual

Han character

拳 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 火手手 (FQQ), four-corner 9050₂, composition ⿱龹手)

Related characters

• 券

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 428, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11996
• Dae Jaweon: page 777, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1864, character 8
• Unihan data for U+62F3

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		拳

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (龹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
潫	*qroːn, *qon, *qron
豢	*ɡroːns
勬	*kron, *krons
韏	*kronʔ, *ɡrons, *kʰons
眷	*krons
桊	*krons
絭	*krons, *kʰrons, *kons, *kʰons, *koɡ
觠	*krons, *ɡron
飬	*krons
弮	*kʰron, *krons
拳	*ɡron
卷	*ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ
齤	*ɡron
券	*kʰons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡron) : phonetic 龹 () + semantic 手 (“hand”) – a fist is a form of a hand.

Etymology

From 卷 (OC *ɡron, “to bent; to curve”) (Schuessler, 2007; also cf. Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 拳

1. fist
2. Chinese boxing
3. Classifier for strikes made with a fist.
4. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 踡 (quán, “to curl; to bend up”).

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 拳頭 (“fist”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		拳
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		拳頭, 拳
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	拳頭
	Taiwan	拳頭
	Ulanhot	拳頭
	Tongliao	拳頭
	Chifeng	拳頭
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	拳頭
	Harbin	拳頭
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	拳頭, 拳
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	拳頭
	Wanrong	槌頭子
	Wanrong (Ronghe)	槌骨嘟
	Zhengzhou	槌
	Xi'an	槌頭子
	Xining	槌頭, 槌骨嘟
	Xuzhou	皮槌, 槌頭子
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	槌頭
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	槌頭
	Bayanhot	拳頭, 槌頭
	Lanzhou	槌頭
	Ürümqi	槌頭
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	砣子, 皮砣子, 掟子
	Wuhan	拳頭, 槌子
	Guiyang	槌頭, 槌槌, 砣砣, 皮砣砣, 皮砣
	Kunming	拳頭
	Guilin	拳頭
	Liuzhou	拳頭
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	拳頭
	Yangzhou	拳頭
	Nantong	拳頭
	Hefei	拳頭
Cantonese	Guangzhou	拳頭
	Hong Kong	拳頭
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	拳頭
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	拳頭公
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	拳頭
	Taishan	拳頭
	Dongguan	拳頭牯, 拳頭
	Yangjiang	拳頭, 槌頭
	Xinyi	拳槌
	Nanning	拳頭, 拳槌
	Wuzhou	拳頭, 拳槌
	Yulin	拳槌
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	拳頭, 槌頭
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	拳頭
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	拳頭
Gan	Nanchang	拳頭, 槌頭
	Lichuan	拳頭
	Pingxiang	槌頭牯
Hakka	Meixian	拳頭
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	拳頭
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	拳牯
	Wengyuan	拳頭
	Liannan	拳
	Jiexi	拳頭牯
	Luhe	拳頭牯
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	拳頭嫲牯
	Changting	拳頭
	Wuping	拳頭
	Wuping (Yanqian)	拳頭
	Ninghua	拳頭牯, 拳頭
	Yudu	拳頭牯, 拳頭
	Ningdu	拳頭腦
	Shicheng	拳頭牯
	Tonggu (Sandu)	拳頭
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	拳頭
	Dayu	拳頭
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	拳頭嫲, 拳頭
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	拳頭嫲, 拳頭
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	拳頭嫲, 拳頭
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	拳頭嫲, 拳頭
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	拳頭嫲, 拳頭
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	拳頭嫲, 拳頭
	Hong Kong	拳頭, 拳頭牯
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	拳頭
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	拳頭
	Xinyi (Sihe)	拳頭
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	拳頭
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	拳頭
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	拳頭
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	拳捶
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	拳, 拳頭
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	拳頭
	Mengshan (Xihe)	拳
	Luchuan	拳
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	槌
	Senai (Huiyang)	拳頭
Huizhou	Jixi	拳頭
Jin	Taiyuan	圪都, 槌頭, 槌, 拳頭
	Pingyao	圪都, 槌頭子
	Xinzhou	拳頭, 圪督子, 槌頭
	Taibus (Baochang)	拳頭
	Linhe	槌頭
	Jining	拳頭
	Hohhot	拳頭, 槌頭, 圪頭, 圪都
	Baotou	拳頭
	Dongsheng	拳頭
	Haibowan	槌頭
Northern Min	Jian'ou	拳頭
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	拳頭母, 拳頭
	Fuqing	拳頭, 拳頭母
Southern Min	Xiamen	拳頭母, 拳頭
	Quanzhou	拳頭母, 拳頭
	Jinjiang	拳頭母
	Yongchun	拳頭母
	Zhangzhou	拳頭母, 拳頭
	Zhao'an	拳頭, 拳頭母
	Dongshan	拳頭母
	Taipei	拳頭母
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	拳頭母
	Kaohsiung	拳頭母, 拳頭
	Yilan	拳頭, 拳頭母
	Changhua (Lukang)	拳頭, 拳頭母
	Taichung	拳頭母
	Taichung (Wuqi)	拳頭母
	Tainan	拳頭母
	Taitung	拳頭母
	Hsinchu	拳頭, 拳頭母
	Kinmen	拳頭
	Penghu (Magong)	拳頭, 拳頭母
	Penang (Hokkien)	拳頭母
	Manila (Hokkien)	拳頭母
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	拳頭, 拳頭母
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	拳頭母
	Chaozhou	拳頭母
	Shantou	拳頭母, 拳頭
	Jieyang	拳頭母
	Haifeng	拳頭
	Bangkok (Teochew)	拳頭
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	拳頭
	Wenchang	拳母, 拳頭母
	Haikou	拳母, 拳
Puxian Min	Putian	拳頭
	Xianyou	拳頭牯
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	拳頭, 拳槌
Shehua	Fu'an	拳頭
	Fuding	拳頭
	Luoyuan	拳頭
	Sanming	拳頭
	Shunchang	拳頭
	Hua'an	拳頭
	Cangnan	拳頭
	Jingning (Hexi)	拳頭牯
	Lishui	鋤頭牯
	Longyou	鋤頭牯
	Chaozhou	拳頭
	Fengshun	拳頭牯
Wu	Shanghai	拳頭
	Shanghai (Chongming)	拳頭
	Suzhou	拳頭
	Wuxi	拳頭
	Danyang	拳頭
	Hangzhou	拳頭
	Ningbo	拳頭
	Wenzhou	拳, 拳頭
	Jinhua	拳, 拳頭
Xiang	Changsha	拳頭牯
	Loudi	槌頭牯, 槌頭
	Shuangfeng	槌頭牯
	Quanzhou	拳頭

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (拳):

• → Japanese: 拳(けん) (ken)
• → Korean: 권(拳) (gwon)
• → Vietnamese: quyền (拳)

→ Bouyei: jianz

→ Zhuang: gienz

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Japanese

Kanji

拳

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. ken, a game played with the hands; a game of hands; in Italian, mor(r)a, a game in which two (or more) players each suddenly display a hand showing zero to five fingers and call out what they think will be the sum of all fingers shown.
2. fist, usually as a suffix in the names of martial art moves

Readings

• Go-on: げん (gen)
• Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
• Kun: こぶし (kobushi, 拳, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 拳骨(げんこつ) (genkotsu)
• 拳闘(けんとう) (kentō, “boxing”)
• 拳法(けんぽう) (kenpō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
拳
こぶし Grade: S
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

拳(こぶし) • (kobushi) ^{←こぶし (kobusi)?}

1. fist

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
拳
けん Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 拳 (MC gjwen).

Suffix

拳(けん) • (-ken) 

1. (martial arts) used in the names of styles, or moves that involve punching

   Antonym: 脚 (-kyaku)

   蟷(とう)螂(ろう)拳(けん)

   tōrōken

   mantis style

   太(たい)極(きょく)拳(けん)

   taikyokuken

   tai chi

   波(は)動(どう)拳(けん)

   Hadōken

   Surge Fist

   • 1999 February 20 [1994 April 15], Rumiko Takahashi, “ＰＡＲＴ(パート).２　[海](うみ)[千](せん)[拳](けん)と[山](やま)[千](せん)[拳](けん) ([海](うみ)[千](せん)[拳](けん)と[山](やま)[千](せん)[拳](けん)) [PART.2 Umisenken and Yamasenken]”, in らんま½ (らんま½) [Ranma ½], 10th edition, volume 28 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN:

     やつの目(もく)的(てき)はおそらく、山(やま)千(せん)拳(けん)と対(つい)をなす海(うみ)千(せん)拳(けん)の秘(ひ)伝(でん)書(しょ)。

     Yatsu no mokuteki wa osoraku, Yamasenken to tsui o nasu Umisenken no hidensho.

     He must be looking for the scroll for Umisenken, the antithesis of Yamasenken.

     海(うみ)千(せん)拳(けん)？

     Umisenken?

     Umisenken?

   • 2000 December 20 [1999 May 17], Maekawa, Takeshi, “水(すい)面(めん)の戦(たたか)いの巻(まき) [Water Struggle]”, in 新(しん)鉄(てっ)拳(けん)チンミ (新(しん)鉄(てっ)拳(けん)チンミ) [New Ironfist Chinmi], 2nd edition, volume 6 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, pages 158–161:

     今(こん)度(ど)はこっちの番(ばん)だソウビ‼

     Kondo wa kotchi no ban da Sōbi‼

     It’s my turn now, Sōbi‼

     む

     Mu

     Mm?

     通(つう)‥‥背(はい)‥‥拳(けん)‼‼

     Tsū‥‥hai‥‥ken‼‼

     Tong‥‥bei‥‥quan‼‼

     通(つう)背(はい)拳(けん)⁉吊(つ)り橋(はし)でみせたあの技(わざ)で　水(みず)を‥‥‼

     Tsūhaiken⁉ Tsurihashi de miseta ano waza de Mizu o‥‥‼

     Tongbeiquan⁉ I saw him use this move at the suspension bridge, but now on water‥‥⁉

   • 2001 January 23, Masami Kurumada, “女神(アテナ)の聖闘士(セイント)の巻(まき) [Athena’s Saints]”, in Saint(セイント)星(セイ)矢(ヤ) (Saint(セイント)星(セイ)矢(ヤ)) [Saint Seiya], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 60:

     ペガサス流(りゅう)星(せい)拳(けん)‼

     Pegasasu Ryūseiken‼

     Pegasus Meteor Fists‼

   • 2004 September 8, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “第(だい)36話(わ)　カーニバル［祭(まつり)］ [Chapter 36: Carnival]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) (武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン)) [Armed Alchemy], volume 4, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:

     直(ちょく)撃(げき)！ブラボー拳(けん)‼

     Chokugeki! Burabō-ken‼

     Direct! Bravo Punch‼

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Korean

Hanja

拳 • (gwon) (hangeul 권, revised gwon, McCune–Reischauer kwŏn, Yale kwen)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 跆拳道 (태권도): taekwondo

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 拳 (quyền, quèn, long, thành)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.