拳

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See also: 挙
拳 U+62F3, 拳
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62F3
← 拲
[U+62F2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 拴 →
[U+62F4]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

拳 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 火手手 (FQQ), four-corner 90502, composition ⿱龹手)

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 428, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11996
  • Dae Jaweon: page 777, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1864, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+62F3

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 拳
alternative forms 搼

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (龹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
潫 *qroːn, *qon, *qron
豢 *ɡroːns
勬 *kron, *krons
韏 *kronʔ, *ɡrons, *kʰons
眷 *krons
桊 *krons
絭 *krons, *kʰrons, *kons, *kʰons, *koɡ
觠 *krons, *ɡron
飬 *krons
弮 *kʰron, *krons
拳 *ɡron
卷 *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ
齤 *ɡron
券 *kʰons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡron): phonetic 龹 + semantic 手 (“hand”) – a fist is a form of a hand.

Etymology[edit]

From 卷 (OC *ɡron, “to bent; to curve”) (Schuessler, 2007; also cf. Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • kûn - vernacular;
  • koân/khoân - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 拳
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 群 (30)
    Final (韻) 仙 (80)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 巨員切
    Baxter gjwen
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɡˠiuᴇn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɡʷᵚiɛn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɡiuæn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/gwian/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɡjuɛn/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɡĭwɛn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/gi̯wɛn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		quán
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		kyun4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 拳
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		quán
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ gjwen ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*N-kro[n]/
    English fist (< rolled-up hand)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 拳
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7165
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		權
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡron/

    Definitions[edit]

    拳

    1. fist
    2. Chinese boxing
    3. Classifier for strikes made with a fist.
    4. Alternative form of 踡 (quán, “to curl; to bend up”)
    5. a surname
    6. Martial

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 拳頭 (“fist”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 拳
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 拳頭, 拳
    Mandarin Beijing 拳頭
    Taiwan 拳頭
    Ulanhot 拳頭
    Tongliao 拳頭
    Chifeng 拳頭
    Bayanhot 拳頭, 槌頭
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 拳頭
    Harbin 拳頭
    Jinan 拳頭, 拳
    Luoyang 拳頭
    Wanrong 槌頭子
    Wanrong (Ronghe) 槌骨嘟
    Zhengzhou 槌
    Xi'an 槌頭子
    Yinchuan 槌頭
    Lanzhou 槌頭
    Xining 槌頭, 槌骨嘟
    Ürümqi 槌頭
    Wuhan 拳頭, 槌子
    Chengdu 砣子, 皮砣子, 掟子
    Guiyang 槌頭, 槌槌, 砣砣, 皮砣砣, 皮砣
    Kunming 拳頭
    Guilin 拳頭
    Liuzhou 拳頭
    Xuzhou 皮槌, 槌頭子
    Yangzhou 拳頭
    Nanjing 拳頭
    Hefei 拳頭
    Nantong 拳頭
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 槌頭
    Cantonese Guangzhou 拳頭
    Hong Kong 拳頭
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 拳頭
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 拳頭公
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 拳頭
    Taishan 拳頭
    Dongguan 拳頭牯, 拳頭
    Yangjiang 拳頭, 槌頭
    Xinyi 拳槌
    Nanning 拳頭, 拳槌
    Wuzhou 拳頭, 拳槌
    Yulin 拳槌
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 拳頭, 槌頭
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 拳頭
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 拳頭
    Gan Nanchang 拳頭, 槌頭
    Lichuan 拳頭
    Pingxiang 槌頭牯
    Hakka Meixian 拳頭
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 拳頭
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 拳牯
    Wengyuan 拳頭
    Liannan 拳
    Jiexi 拳頭牯
    Luhe 拳頭牯
    Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 拳頭嫲牯
    Changting 拳頭
    Wuping 拳頭
    Wuping (Yanqian) 拳頭
    Ninghua 拳頭牯, 拳頭
    Yudu 拳頭牯, 拳頭
    Ningdu 拳頭腦
    Shicheng 拳頭牯
    Tonggu (Sandu) 拳頭
    Ganzhou (Panlong) 拳頭
    Dayu 拳頭
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 拳頭嫲, 拳頭
    Hong Kong 拳頭, 拳頭牯
    Yangxi (Tangkou) 拳頭
    Yangchun (Sanjia) 拳頭
    Xinyi (Sihe) 拳頭
    Xinyi (Qianpai) 拳頭
    Gaozhou (Xindong) 拳頭
    Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 拳頭
    Huazhou (Xin'an) 拳捶
    Lianjiang (Shijiao) 拳, 拳頭
    Lianjiang (Qingping) 拳頭
    Mengshan (Xihe) 拳
    Luchuan 拳
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 槌
    Senai (Huiyang) 拳頭
    Huizhou Jixi 拳頭
    Jin Taiyuan 圪都, 槌頭, 槌, 拳頭
    Pingyao 圪都, 槌頭子
    Xinzhou 拳頭, 圪督子, 槌頭
    Taibus (Baochang) 拳頭
    Linhe 槌頭
    Jining 拳頭
    Hohhot 拳頭, 槌頭, 圪頭, 圪都
    Baotou 拳頭
    Dongsheng 拳頭
    Haibowan 槌頭
    Min Bei Jian'ou 拳頭
    Min Dong Fuzhou 拳頭母, 拳頭
    Fuqing 拳頭, 拳頭母
    Min Nan Xiamen 拳頭母, 拳頭
    Quanzhou 拳頭母, 拳頭
    Jinjiang 拳頭母
    Yongchun 拳頭母
    Zhangzhou 拳頭母, 拳頭
    Zhao'an 拳頭, 拳頭母
    Dongshan 拳頭母
    Taipei 拳頭母
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 拳頭母
    Kaohsiung 拳頭母, 拳頭
    Yilan 拳頭, 拳頭母
    Changhua (Lukang) 拳頭, 拳頭母
    Taichung 拳頭母
    Taichung (Wuqi) 拳頭母
    Tainan 拳頭母
    Taitung 拳頭母
    Hsinchu 拳頭, 拳頭母
    Kinmen 拳頭
    Penghu (Magong) 拳頭, 拳頭母
    Penang (Hokkien) 拳頭母
    Manila (Hokkien) 拳頭母
    Zhangping (Yongfu) 拳頭, 拳頭母
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 拳頭母
    Chaozhou 拳頭母
    Shantou 拳頭母, 拳頭
    Jieyang 拳頭母
    Haifeng 拳頭
    Bangkok (Teochew) 拳頭
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 拳頭
    Wenchang 拳母, 拳頭母
    Haikou 拳母, 拳
    Puxian Min Putian 拳頭
    Xianyou 拳頭牯
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 拳頭, 拳槌
    Shehua Fu'an 拳頭
    Fuding 拳頭
    Luoyuan 拳頭
    Sanming 拳頭
    Shunchang 拳頭
    Hua'an 拳頭
    Cangnan 拳頭
    Jingning 拳頭牯
    Lishui 鋤頭牯
    Longyou 鋤頭牯
    Chaozhou 拳頭
    Fengshun 拳頭牯
    Wu Shanghai 拳頭
    Shanghai (Chongming) 拳頭
    Suzhou 拳頭
    Wuxi 拳頭
    Danyang 拳頭
    Hangzhou 拳頭
    Ningbo 拳頭
    Wenzhou 拳, 拳頭
    Jinhua 拳, 拳頭
    Xiang Changsha 拳頭牯
    Loudi 槌頭牯, 槌頭
    Shuangfeng 槌頭牯
    Quanzhou 拳頭

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (拳):
    • → Japanese: 拳(けん) (ken)
    • → Korean: 권(拳) (gwon)
    • → Vietnamese: quyền (拳)
  • → Bouyei: jianz
  • → Zhuang: gienz

    • Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai 拳
    Kyūjitai
    [1][2][3][4]
    拳󠄁
    拳+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    拳󠄃
    拳+&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    拳

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. ken, a game played with the hands; a game of hands; in Italian, mor(r)a, a game in which two (or more) players each suddenly display a hand showing zero to five fingers and call out what they think will be the sum of all fingers shown.
    2. fist, usually as a suffix in the names of martial art moves

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    拳
    こぶし
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 拳 – see the following entry.
    【こぶし】
    [noun] [from 810] fist
    [noun] [from early 1300s] the shape of the hand when gripping a sword hilt
    [noun] [from early 1300s] (by extension) swordsmanship, ability with a sword
    [noun] [from 1500s] the shape of the hand when gripping a bow
    [noun] [from 1500s] (by extension) bowmanship, ability with a bow
    [noun] [from 1588] (by extension from the fist of a falconer) huntsmanship, hunting ability
    【こぶしコブシ】
    [noun] [from circa 1165] the Kobushi magnolia, Magnolia kobus
    Alternative spelling
    辛夷
    (This term, 拳, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    拳
    けん
    Grade: S
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese 拳 (MC gjwen).

    The standalone noun senses are first cited to texts from the 1500s.[5]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    拳(けん) • (ken) 

    1. [from 1500s] a fist
      Synonyms: 拳 (kobushi), 握り拳 (nigiri kobushi), 拳固 (genko), 拳骨 (genkotsu)
    2. [after 1560] any of the martial arts that use the fists for striking, such as 空手 (karate)
    3. [after 1644] any of several finger-shape games, including じゃんけんぽん (jankenpon, “rock paper scissors”)

    Suffix[edit]

    拳(けん) • (-ken) 

    1. (martial arts) used in the names of styles, or moves that involve punching
      Antonym: 脚 (-kyaku)
      蟷(とう)螂(ろう)拳(けん)
      tōrōken
      mantis style
      太(たい)極(きょく)拳(けん)
      taikyokuken
      tai chi
      波(は)動(どう)拳(けん)
      Hadōken
      Surge Fist
      • 1999 February 20 [1994 April 15], Rumiko Takahashi, “ＰＡＲＴ(パート).２　[海](うみ)[千](せん)[拳](けん)と[山](やま)[千](せん)[拳](けん)”, in らんま½, 10th edition, volume 28 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN:
        やつの目(もく)的(てき)はおそらく、山(やま)千(せん)拳(けん)と対(つい)をなす海(うみ)千(せん)拳(けん)の秘(ひ)伝(でん)書(しょ)。
        Yatsu no mokuteki wa osoraku, Yamasenken to tsui o nasu Umisenken no hidensho.
        He must be looking for the scroll for Umisenken, the antithesis of Yamasenken.
        海(うみ)千(せん)拳(けん)？
        Umisenken?
        Umisenken?
      • 2000 December 20 [1999 May 17], Maekawa, Takeshi, “水(すい)面(めん)の戦(たたか)いの巻(まき)”, in 新(しん)鉄(てっ)拳(けん)チンミ, 2nd edition, volume 6 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, pages 158–161:
        今(こん)度(ど)はこっちの番(ばん)だソウビ‼
        Kondo wa kotchi no ban da Sōbi‼
        It’s my turn now, Sōbi‼
        む
        Mu
        Mm?
        通(つう)‥‥背(はい)‥‥拳(けん)‼‼
        Tsū‥‥hai‥‥ken‼‼
        Tong‥‥bei‥‥quan‼‼
        通(つう)背(はい)拳(けん)⁉吊(つ)り橋(はし)でみせたあの技(わざ)で　水(みず)を‥‥‼
        Tsūhaiken⁉ Tsurihashi de miseta ano waza de Mizu o‥‥‼
        Tongbeiquan⁉ I saw him use this move at the suspension bridge, but now on water‥‥⁉
      • 2001 January 23, Masami Kurumada, “女神(アテナ)の聖闘士(セイント)の巻(まき)”, in Saint(セイント)星(セイ)矢(ヤ), volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 60:
        ペガサス流(りゅう)星(せい)拳(けん)‼
        Pegasasu Ryūseiken‼
        Pegasus Meteor Fists‼
      • 2004 September 8, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “第(だい)36話(わ)　カーニバル［祭(まつり)］”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン), volume 4, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
        直(ちょく)撃(げき)！ブラボー拳(けん)‼
        Chokugeki! Burabō-ken‼
        Direct! Bravo Punch‼

    References[edit]

    1. ^ “拳”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2023
    2. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “拳”, in 字通 普及版 (Jitsū fukyūban, “Jitsū trade edition”)‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 945 (paper), page 522 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
    4. ^ 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 579 (paper), page 302 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
    5. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    6. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    7. ^ 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 拳 (MC gjwen).

    Recorded as Middle Korean 꿘 (Yale: kkwen) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

    Recorded as Middle Korean 권 (kwen) (Yale: kwen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    拳 (eumhun 주먹 권 (jumeok gwon))

    1. Hanja form? of 권 (“fist”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    拳: Hán Nôm readings: quyền, quèn, long, thành

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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