敗

See also: 败

Translingual

Han character

敗 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月金人大 (BCOK), four-corner 6884₀, composition ⿰貝攵)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 471, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13227
• Dae Jaweon: page 824, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1462, character 2
• Unihan data for U+6557

---

Chinese

trad.		敗
simp.		败

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 敗
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (貝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
貝	*paːds
狽	*paːds
鋇	*paːds
浿	*pʰaːds, *pʰreːds
垻	*praːs
敗	*praːds, *braːds
唄	*braːds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːds, *braːds) : phonetic 貝 (OC *paːds) + semantic 攵 (“strike”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bài (bai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): baai⁶
• Northern Min (KCR): bāi
• Eastern Min (BUC): bài
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pāi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bai⁷

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bài
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bài
    • Wade–Giles: pai⁴
    • Yale: bài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bay
    • Palladius: бай (baj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: baai⁶
    • Yale: baaih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: baai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: bai⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːi̯²²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bāi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pai⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bài
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pai⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pāi
    • Tâi-lô: pāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pai
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pai²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pai⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pai²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pai³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pai³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bai⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pāi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pai¹¹/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 敗
Mandarin	Beijing	/pai⁵¹/
	Harbin	/pai⁵³/
	Tianjin	/pai⁵³/
	Jinan	/pɛ²¹/
	Qingdao	/pɛ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/pai³¹²/
	Xi'an	/pai⁴⁴/
	Xining	/pɛ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/pɛ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/pɛ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/pai²¹³/
	Wuhan	/pai³⁵/
	Chengdu	/pai¹³/
	Guiyang	/pai²¹³/
	Kunming	/pæ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/pae⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/pe̞⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/pai⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/pæ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/pɛ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ba²³/
	Suzhou	/bɑ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/be̞¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ba²²/
Hui	Shexian	/pʰa²²/
	Tunxi	/pʰa¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/pai⁵⁵/ /pai¹¹/
	Xiangtan	/bai²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/pʰai²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/pʰai⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/pʰɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/pai²²/
	Nanning	/pai²²/
	Hong Kong	/pai²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/pai²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/pɑi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/pai⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/pai³¹/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔbai³³/ 失～ /ʔbai²³/ 坏

---

• Middle Chinese: baejH, paejH

Rime
Character	敗	敗
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	夬 (29)	夬 (29)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	薄邁切	補邁切
Baxter	baejH	paejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠaiH/	/pˠaiH/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚaiH/	/pᵚaiH/
Shao Rongfen	/baiH/	/paiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/baɨjsH/	/paɨjsH/
Li Rong	/baiH/	/paiH/
Wang Li	/bæiH/	/pæiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱaiH/	/paiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bài	bài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	baai6	baai3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-pˤra[t]-s/, /*pˤra[t]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*praːds/, /*braːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	敗	敗
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bài	bài
Middle Chinese	‹ bæjH ›	‹ pæjH ›
Old Chinese	/*N-pˁra[t]-s/	/*pˁra[t]-s/
English	suffer defeat	defeat (v.t.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	敗	敗
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	421	422
Phonetic component	貝	貝
Rime group	祭	祭
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	敗	敗
Old Chinese	/*praːds/	/*braːds/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 敗

1. to lose (a game); to be defeated
2. to fail; to decay

Antonyms

• (to lose): 勝／胜 (shèng)
• (to fail): 成 (chéng)

See also

• (to lose): 輸／输 (shū)

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

---

Japanese

Kanji

敗

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: へ (he); べ (be)
• Kan-on: はい (hai, Jōyō)
• On: ばい (bai)
• Kun: やぶれる (yabureru, 敗れる, Jōyō); やぶる (yaburu, 敗る); まける (makeru, 敗ける)

Counter

敗(はい) or 敗(counter) • (hai or counter) [[Category:Japanese
|はい]]

1. losses

Compounds

• (lose a game): 敗北, 敗退, 敗軍, 敗戦, 完敗, 大敗, 勝敗
• (fail): 失敗, 成敗, 腐敗

---

Korean

Hanja

敗 • (pae) (hangeul 패, revised pae, McCune–Reischauer p'ae, Yale phay)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

---

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 敗 (bại, bậy)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.