牡

See also: 牝

Translingual

Han character

牡 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 竹手土 (HQG), four-corner 2451₀, composition ⿰牛土)

Derived characters

• 𪋂, 𧚒

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 697, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19933
• Dae Jaweon: page 1110, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1801, character 2
• Unihan data for U+7261

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		牡

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 牡
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯwʔ) : semantic 牛 (“cattle”) + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mǔ (mu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): maau⁵ / mau⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bó͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bhou²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mǔ
    • Wade–Giles: mu³
    • Yale: mǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muu
    • Palladius: му (mu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: maau⁵ / mau⁵
    • Yale: máauh / máuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: maau⁵ / mau⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: mao⁵ / meo⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːu̯¹³/, /mɐu̯¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bó͘
    • Tâi-lô: bóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bor
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bhou²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bóu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /bou⁵²/

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• Middle Chinese: muwX

Rime
Character	牡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫厚切
Baxter	muwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/məuX/
Pan Wuyun	/məuX/
Shao Rongfen	/məuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/məwX/
Li Rong	/muX/
Wang Li	/məuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/mə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mau5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m(r)uʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mɯwʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	牡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ muwX ›
Old Chinese	/*m(r)uʔ/
English	male
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	牡
Reading #	1/1
No.	9321
Phonetic component	牡
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	母
Old Chinese	/*mɯwʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 牡

1. (obsolete) male of animals

   Antonym: 牝 (pìn)

   Synonym: (modern Mandarin) 雄 (xióng)

   • 駉駉牡馬／𬳶𬳶牡马  ―  jiōngjiōng mǔ mǎ  ―  the strong stallions
2. (obsolete) male genitals
3. (obsolete) bolt of door

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Japanese

Kanji

牡

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: む (mu); も (mo)
• Kan-on: ぼう (bō)
• Kan’yō-on: ぼ (bo)
• Kun: おす (osu, 牡)

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Korean

Hanja

牡 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 牡 (mẫu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.