肩

Translingual

Japanese	肩
Simplified	肩
Traditional	肩

Etymology

The form differs between traditional Chinese, simplified Chinese, and Japanese shinjitai, as depicted at right. These are represented by the same Unicode code point; see Han unification.

• Traditional Han: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 月 + 戶; the body's gate.
• Simplified Han: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 月 + 户.
• Japanese: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 月 + 戸.

Han character

肩 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸月 (HSB) or 戈尸月 (ISB), four-corner 3022₇, composition ⿸戶月 or ⿸户月 or ⿸戸月)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 975, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38895
• Dae Jaweon: page 1426, character 21
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2052, character 8
• Unihan data for U+80A9

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Chinese

trad.		肩
simp. #		肩

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 肩
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Small seal script File:ACC-s03005.svg s03005 File:ACC-s03006.svg s03006 Transcribed ancient scripts File:ACC-L31946.svg L31946 File:ACC-L31947.svg L31947 File:ACC-L06839.svg L06839 File:ACC-L06840.svg L06840 L06841
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (肩) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
顅	*kʰreːn
掮	*ɡren*
肩	*keːn
猏	*keːn
菺	*keːn
鵳	*keːn

Etymology

Cognate with Proto-Kam-Sui *k-xiːn¹ (“arm”), Proto-Tai *qeːnᴬ (“arm”) (whence Thai แขน (kɛ̌ɛn, “arm”)) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiān (jian¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gin¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiên / kiân
• Eastern Min (BUC): giĕng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kian / kuiⁿ / keng / kan

  (Teochew, Peng'im): goin¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ji

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jian
    • Wade–Giles: chien¹
    • Yale: jyān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gin¹
    • Yale: gīn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gin¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên
    • Hakka Romanization System: gien^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gian¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯en²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiân
    • Hakka Romanization System: gian^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gian¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯an²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: giĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kieŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kian
    • Tâi-lô: kian
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiefn
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɛn⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛn³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kuiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kuinn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvuy
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kuĩ³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
    • Tâi-lô: king
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan
    • Tâi-lô: kan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kafn
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴/

Note:

• kian - literary;
• kuiⁿ/keng/kan - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: goin¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: koiⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kõĩ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹ji
    • MiniDict: ji^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jji
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑi⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: ken

Rime
Character	肩
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	古賢切
Baxter	ken
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ken/
Pan Wuyun	/ken/
Shao Rongfen	/kɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɛn/
Li Rong	/ken/
Wang Li	/kien/
Bernard Karlgren	/kien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gin1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤe[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*keːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	肩
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiān
Middle Chinese	‹ ken ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁe[n]/
English	shoulder (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	肩
Reading #	1/1
No.	6023
Phonetic component	肩
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	堅
Old Chinese	/*keːn/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 肩

1. shoulders
2. to shoulder
3. to bear

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

肩

(Jōyō kanji)

1. shoulder

Readings

• Go-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
• Kun: かた (kata, 肩, Jōyō)

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
肩
かた Grade: S
kun'yomi

Noun

肩(かた) • (kata) 

1. a shoulder
   • 2013 April 7 [2012 December 9], ONE with Murata, Yusuke, “[３](さん)[撃](げき)[目](め)　[災](さい)[害](がい)[存](そん)[在](ざい) [3rd Hit: Existential Crisis]”, in (deprecated template usage) [ONEPUNCH-MAN](【ワンパンマン】) [One-Punch Man], 6th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 53:

     肩(かた)！肩(かた)に　肩(かた)に乗(の)ってる奴(やつ)を殺(ころ)せ‼

     Kata! Kata ni Kata ni notteru yatsu o korose‼

     Shoulder! Your shoulder! Kill the bastard on your shoulder!!

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Korean

Hanja

肩 • (gyeon) (hangeul 견)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.