負

See also: 负

Translingual

Han character

負 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+2, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓月山金 (NBUC), four-corner 2780₆, composition ⿱⺈貝(GHTJV) or ⿱勹貝(K) or ⿱刀貝)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1204, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36660
• Dae Jaweon: page 1665, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3623, character 4
• Unihan data for U+8CA0

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Chinese

trad.		負
simp.		负

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (負) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
負	*bɯʔ
萯	*bɯʔ
蝜	*bɯʔ
偩	*bɯʔ

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ba (“carry, shoulder”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fu
• Northern Min (KCR): hū
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hù / hū / hǔ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hu⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fù
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fù
    • Wade–Giles: fu⁴
    • Yale: fù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
    • Palladius: фу (fu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fu⁶
    • Yale: fuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: fu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu
    • Hakka Romanization System: fu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fu⁵⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hū
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hù
    • Tâi-lô: hù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hux
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hu⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hū
    • Tâi-lô: hū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hu
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hu³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hu²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǔ
    • Tâi-lô: hǔ
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hu²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hu⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu³⁵/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 負
Mandarin	Beijing	/fu⁵¹/
	Harbin	/fu²⁴/
	Tianjin	/fu⁵³/
	Jinan	/fu²¹/
	Qingdao	/fu⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/fu³¹²/
	Xi'an	/fu⁴⁴/
	Xining	/fv̩⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/fu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/fu¹³/
	Ürümqi	/fu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/fu³⁵/
	Chengdu	/fu¹³/
	Guiyang	/fu²¹³/
	Kunming	/fu²¹²/
	Nanjing	/fu⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/fu⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/fu⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/xu³⁵/
	Hohhot	/fu⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/vu²³/ /vɤ²³/
	Suzhou	/vu³¹/
	Hangzhou	/vu¹³/
	Wenzhou	/vu³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/fu²²/
	Tunxi	/fu⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/fu⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/ɸu⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/fu²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/fu⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/fu⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/fu²²/
	Nanning	/fu²²/
	Hong Kong	/fu²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hu²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/hou²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xu⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hu³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/fu³³/

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• Middle Chinese: bjuwX

Rime
Character	負
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	房久切
Baxter	bjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨuX/
Pan Wuyun	/biuX/
Shao Rongfen	/biəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buwX/
Li Rong	/biuX/
Wang Li	/bĭəuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]əʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*bɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	負
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuwX ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]əʔ/
English	carry on the back
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	負
Reading #	1/1
No.	3558
Phonetic component	負
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	婦
Old Chinese	/*bɯʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 負

1. load, burden, to rely on
2. carry, bear
3. negative (mathematics, situation, and so on)
4. to betray
5. to repudiate

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

負

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. to lose
2. to defeat
3. to carry

Readings

• Go-on: ぶ (bu)
• Kan’yō-on: ふ (fu, Jōyō)
• Kun: おう (ou, 負う, Jōyō); まける (makeru, 負ける, Jōyō); まかす (makasu, 負かす, Jōyō); たのむ (tanomu, 負む)

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Korean

Hanja

負 • (bu) (hangeul 부)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 負 (phụ)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.