遺書

See also: 遗书

Chinese

		to lose; to leave behind	book; letter
trad. (遺書)		遺	書
simp. (遗书)		遗	书

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yíshū

(Zhuyin): ㄧˊ ㄕㄨ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wai⁴ syu¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): vì-sû

(Hailu, HRS): vui shu^ˋ
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ûi-su / ûi-chir / ûi-si / î-su / î-si

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yíshū
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˊ ㄕㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yíshu
  - Wade–Giles: i²-shu¹
  - Yale: yí-shū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yishu
  - Palladius: ишу (išu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i³⁵ ʂu⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wai⁴ syu¹
  - Yale: wàih syū
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wai⁴ sy¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: wei⁴ xu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐi̯²¹ syː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vì-sû
  - Hakka Romanization System: vi^ˇ su^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: vi² su¹
  - Sinological IPA: /vi¹¹ su²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: vui shu^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /vui⁵⁵ ʃu⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi-su
  - Tâi-lô: uî-su
  - Phofsit Daibuun: uisw
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /ui²⁴⁻¹¹ su⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ui²³⁻³³ su⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /ui²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi-chir
  - Tâi-lô: uî-tsir
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ui²⁴⁻²² t͡sɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi-si
  - Tâi-lô: uî-si
  - Phofsit Daibuun: uisy
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ui¹³⁻²² si⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Yilan): /ui²⁴⁻³³ si⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: î-su
  - Tâi-lô: î-su
  - Phofsit Daibuun: isw
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /i²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: î-si
  - Tâi-lô: î-si
  - Phofsit Daibuun: isy
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /i¹³⁻²² si⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: ywij syo

Rime
Character	遺	書
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	脂 (16)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	以追切	傷魚切
Baxter	ywij	syo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiuɪ/	/ɕɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/jʷi/	/ɕiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/juɪ/	/ɕiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jwi/	/ɕɨə̆/
Li Rong	/ui/	/ɕiɔ/
Wang Li	/jwi/	/ɕĭo/
Bernhard Karlgren	/wi/	/ɕi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wéi	shū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wai⁴	syu¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ](r)uj s-ta/

(Zhengzhang): /*lul hlja/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	遺	書
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yí	shū
Middle Chinese	‹ ywij ›	‹ syo ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ](r)uj/	/*s-ta/
English	leave; reject	write
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	遺	書
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	4741	17013
Phonetic component	貴	者
Rime group	微	魚
Rime subdivision	3	0
Corresponding MC rime	惟	書
Old Chinese	/*lul/	/*hlja/

Noun

遺書

(chiefly in book titles) posthumous papers; writings of an author now dead
a letter or note left by one immediately before death (which might not be legally effective)
Coordinate term: 遺囑 / 遗嘱 (yízhǔ)

1 9 1 1 年 4月 24 日深夜，林覺民挑燈寫就了兩封感人至深的遺書：《與妻書》和《稟父書》 [MSC, trad.]
1 9 1 1 年 4月 24 日深夜，林觉民挑灯写就了两封感人至深的遗书：《与妻书》和《禀父书》 [MSC, simp.]
1911nián 4yuè 24rì shēnyè, Lín Juémín tiǎodēng xiějiù le liǎng fēng gǎnrénzhìshēn de yíshū: “Yǔqīshū” hé “Bǐngfùshū” [Pinyin]
Late at night on 24 April 1911, Lin Juemin wrote two deeply touching letters shortly before his death by lamplight—one to his wife and the other to his father.
(literary) ancient literature that was once lost and scattered
敦煌遺書／敦煌遗书 ― Dūnhuáng yíshū ― rediscovered Dunhuang manuscripts

Synonyms

(posthumous papers):

遺著／遗著 (yízhù), 遺作／遗作 (yízuò)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wèishū

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ ㄕㄨ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wèishū
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ ㄕㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wèishu
  - Wade–Giles: wei⁴-shu¹
  - Yale: wèi-shū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weyshu
  - Palladius: вэйшу (vɛjšu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: ywijH syo

Rime
Character	遺	書
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	脂 (16)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	以醉切	傷魚切
Baxter	ywijH	syo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiuɪ^H/	/ɕɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/jʷi^H/	/ɕiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/juɪ^H/	/ɕiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jwi^H/	/ɕɨə̆/
Li Rong	/ui^H/	/ɕiɔ/
Wang Li	/jwi^H/	/ɕĭo/
Bernhard Karlgren	/wi^H/	/ɕi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wèi	shū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wai⁶	syu¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ](r)uj-s s-ta/

(Zhengzhang): /*luls hlja/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	遺	書
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wèi	shū
Middle Chinese	‹ ywij^H ›	‹ syo ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ](r)uj-s/	/*s-ta/
English	to present	write
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	遺	書
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	4745	17013
Phonetic component	貴	者
Rime group	微	魚
Rime subdivision	3	0
Corresponding MC rime	遺	書
Old Chinese	/*luls/	/*hlja/

Verb

遺⫽書 (verb-object)

(Classical) to send a letter; to write to someone
- 范蠡遂去，自齊遺大夫種書曰：“蜚鳥盡，良弓藏；狡兔死，走狗烹。越王爲人長頸鳥喙，可與共患難，不可與共樂。子何不去？”種見書，稱病不朝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  范蠡遂去，自齐遗大夫种书曰：“蜚鸟尽，良弓藏；狡兔死，走狗烹。越王为人长颈鸟喙，可与共患难，不可与共乐。子何不去？”种见书，称病不朝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Fàn Lǐ suì qù, zì Qí wèi dàfū Zhòng shū yuē: “Fěi niǎo jìn, liáng gōng cáng; jiǎotù sǐ, zǒugǒu pēng. Yuèwáng wéirén cháng jǐng niǎo huì, kě yǔ gòng huànnán, bùkě yǔ gòng yuè. Zǐ hébù qù?” Zhòng jiàn shū, chēngbìng bù cháo. [Pinyin]
  Fan Li left, sending Wen Zhong a letter from Qi in which he wrote, "When the birds are exterminated the good bow is put away; when the cunning hares are dead the hounds ate made into stew. The king of Yue with his long heck and predatoty mouth is a good companion in time of trouble but not in time of peace. You'd better leave!” After receiving this letter, Wen Zhong stayed away from court on the pretext of illness.
- 趙惠文王時，得楚和氏璧。秦昭王聞之，使人遺趙王書，願以十五城請易璧。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  赵惠文王时，得楚和氏璧。秦昭王闻之，使人遗赵王书，愿以十五城请易璧。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Zhào Huìwénwáng shí, dé Chǔ Héshìbì. Qín Zhāowáng wén zhī, shǐ rén wèi Zhàowáng shū, yuàn yǐ shíwǔ chéng qǐng yì bì. [Pinyin]
  King Huiwen of Zhao had come into possession of the jade of Bian He, a man of Chu. When King Zhao of Qin knew this, he sent an envoy with a letter to the king of Zhao, offering fifteen cities in exchange for the jade.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
遺	書
い Grade: 6	しょ Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) いしょ [íꜜshò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [iɕo̞]

Noun

遺(い)書(しょ) • (isho)

a letter or note left by one immediately before death; a suicide note
(chiefly in book titles) works published posthumously
『那珂(なか)通世(みちよ)遺書(いしょ)』
“Naka Michiyo Isho”
Collected Works by Naka Michiyo

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“遺書”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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