闖

See also: 闯

闖 U+95D6, 闖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-95D6 ← 闕 [U+95D5] CJK Unified Ideographs 闗 → [U+95D7]

Translingual

Han character

闖 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+10, 18 strokes, Cangjie input 日弓尸手火 (ANSQF), four-corner 7732₇, composition ⿵門馬)

Derived characters

• 𪞰, 㶒, 𧮕

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1340, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41458
• Dae Jaweon: page 1845, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4311, character 6
• Unihan data for U+95D6

Chinese

trad.		闖
simp.		闯
alternative forms		𨳐 𰿧

Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) – a horse (馬) rushing through a gate (門).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chèn (chen⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cam³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chèn
    • Wade–Giles: chʻên⁴
    • Yale: chèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chenn
    • Palladius: чэнь (čɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cam³
    • Yale: cham
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsam³
    • Guangdong Romanization: cem³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐm³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: trhimH

Rime
Character	闖
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	徹 (10)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	丑禁切
Baxter	trhimH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈʰˠiɪmH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈʰᵚimH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶʰiemH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈʰjimH/
Li Rong	/ȶʰjəmH/
Wang Li	/ȶʰĭĕmH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶʰi̯əmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cam3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraŋʔ/, /*l̥ʰɯms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	闖	闖
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1651	1652
Phonetic component	闖	闖
Rime group	陽	侵
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	磢	闖
Old Chinese	/*sʰraŋʔ/	/*l̥ʰɯms/
Notes	搶訓讀

Definitions

闖

1. to peek

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chuǎng (chuang³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄤˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cong² / cong³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhṳm

  (Hailu, HRS): chim^˖

  (Changting, Changting Pinyin): chông³ / chung³

• Eastern Min (BUC): cháung
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cuang⁴ / cuong⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhoàn / chhoàng / chhòaⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cuêng³ / cuang³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chuǎng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄤˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chuǎng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻuang³
    • Yale: chwǎng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: choang
    • Palladius: чуан (čuan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cong² / cong³
    • Yale: chóng / chong
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsong² / tsong³
    • Guangdong Romanization: cong² / cong³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔːŋ³⁵/, /t͡sʰɔːŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳm
    • Hakka Romanization System: ciim
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cim⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨm⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: chim^˖
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰim³³/
  • (Changting)
    • Changting Pinyin: chông³ / chung³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰɔŋ⁴²/, /t͡ʃʰuŋ⁴²/

Note:

• Changting:
  • chông3 - original reading;
  • chung3 - new reading.

• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cháung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑuŋ²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: cuang⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chua̍ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuaŋ⁴²/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: cuong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuoŋ⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhoàn
    • Tâi-lô: tshuàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhoaxn
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰuan⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰuan¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰuan²¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhoàng
    • Tâi-lô: tshuàng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhoaxng
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰuaŋ²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰuaŋ¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhòaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshuànn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhvoax
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰuã¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰuã²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cuêng³ / cuang³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshuèng / tshuàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰueŋ²¹³/, /t͡sʰuaŋ²¹³/

Note:

• cuêng3 - Chaozhou;
• cuang3 - Chaoyang, Chenghai, Jieyang, Raoping, Shantou.

Definitions

闖

1. to rush in; to burst in
2. to break through; to charge
3. to lead to (a negative outcome); to incur; to bring about
4. a surname, Chuang

Synonyms

• (to lead to):

edit

• 使到 (shǐdào)
• 使得 (shǐde)
• 導致 / 导致 (dǎozhì)
• 招致 (zhāozhì)
• 致 (zhì) (literary, or in compounds)
• 致使 (zhìshǐ)
• 誘 / 诱 (yòu) (literary, or in compounds)
• 誘發 / 诱发 (yòufā)
• 造成 (zàochéng)
• 釀成 / 酿成 (niàngchéng) (a negative outcome)

Compounds

• 擅闖 / 擅闯
• 浪闖 / 浪闯
• 私闖 / 私闯 (sīchuǎng)
• 闖事 / 闯事
• 闖入 / 闯入 (chuǎngrù)
• 闖勁 / 闯劲 (chuǎngjìn)
• 闖喪 / 闯丧
• 闖子 / 闯子
• 闖實 / 闯实
• 闖將 / 闯将 (chuǎngjiàng)
• 闖席 / 闯席
• 闖然 / 闯然
• 闖王 / 闯王
• 闖禍 / 闯祸 (chuǎnghuò)
• 闖紅燈 / 闯红灯 (chuǎng hóngdēng)
• 闖練 / 闯练 (chuǎngliàn)
• 闖翻 / 闯翻
• 闖越 / 闯越
• 闖進 / 闯进
• 闖過 / 闯过
• 闖闖 / 闯闯
• 闖關 / 闯关 (chuǎngguān)

References

• “闖”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04396
• “闖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “闯”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 84.
• 徐兆泉 (2009), “闖”, in 臺灣四縣腔海陸腔客家話辭典 [Hakka Dictionary of Taiwan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hakka), Taipei: SMC Publishing Inc..
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “闯”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 51.

Japanese

Kanji

闖

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. rush in, burst in

Readings

• Go-on: ちん (chin)^{←ちむ (timu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちん (chin)^{←ちむ (timu, historical)}
• Kun: うかがう (ukagau, 闖う)

Derived terms

• 闖(ちん)入(にゅう) (chinnyū, “intrude”)

Korean

Hanja

闖 • (teum) (hangeul 틈, revised teum, McCune–Reischauer t'ŭm, Yale thum)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.