饘

Translingual

Han character

饘 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+13, 22 strokes, cangjie input 人戈卜田一 (OIYWM), four-corner 8071₇, composition ⿰飠亶)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1426, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44433
• Dae Jaweon: page 1952, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4476, character 14
• Unihan data for U+9958

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Chinese

trad.		饘
simp.		𫗴
alternative forms		飦／𫗞

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 饘
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (旦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
皽	*tjaʀ, *tanʔ, *tjanʔ
担	*taːnʔ
胆	*daːn, *daːn
疸	*taːnʔ, *taːns
觛	*taːnʔ, *taːns, *daːnʔ
亶	*taːnʔ
嬗	*taːnʔ, *tʰaːn, *djans
笪	*taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd
狚	*taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd
旦	*taːns
鴠	*taːns
譠	*tʰaːn, *rteːn
坦	*tʰaːnʔ
但	*daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns
檀	*daːn
壇	*daːn
儃	*daːn, *djan
驙	*daːn, *tan
袒	*daːnʔ, *rdeːns
襢	*daːnʔ, *tanʔ, *tans
繵	*daːnʔ
膻	*daːnʔ
澶	*daːns, *djan
邅	*tan, *danʔ, *dans
鱣	*tan
饘	*tjan, *tjanʔ
旜	*tjan
氈	*tjan
鸇	*tjan
顫	*tjans
蟺	*djanʔ
擅	*djans
羶	*hljan
呾	*taːd, *ʔraːd
怛	*taːd
妲	*taːd
靼	*taːd, *tjad
炟	*taːd

Etymology

Probably analyzable as *ka-n (with nominalizing suffix -n), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka-j/w/m (“to eat”) (Sagart, 2003). Compare Tamangic words for “food; cooked rice”: Eastern Tamang [script needed] (¹kan), Western Tamang [script needed] (¹ken), Western Gurung [script needed] (¹kaẽ), Manangba [script needed] (¹kjɛ̃), Thakali [script needed] (ᴴkʌn) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhān (zhan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zin¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhān
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhan
    • Wade–Giles: chan¹
    • Yale: jān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jan
    • Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zin¹
    • Yale: jīn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzin¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: jin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːn⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyen, tsyenX

Rime
Character	饘	饘
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	諸延切	旨善切
Baxter	tsyen	tsyenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇn/	/t͡ɕiᴇnX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛn/	/t͡ɕiɛnX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjæn/	/t͡ɕjænX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cian/	/cianX/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛn/	/t͡ɕiɛnX/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛn/	/t͡ɕĭɛnX/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛn/	/t͡ɕi̯ɛnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhān	zhǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zin1	zin2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*t-qa[n]/, /*t-qa[n]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjan/, /*tjanʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	饘	饘
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhān	zhān
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyen ›	‹ tsyenX ›
Old Chinese	/*t-qa[n]/	/*t-qa[n]ʔ/
English	gruel (thick)	thick gruel
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	饘	饘
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	2084	2088
Phonetic component	旦	旦
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	𩜾	𦗢
Old Chinese	/*tjan/	/*tjanʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 饘

1. ^† thick congee
2. ^† to eat; to have a meal

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Japanese

Kanji

饘

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. Alternative spelling of 堅粥 (katakayu): gruel

Readings

• Go-on: せん (sen)
• Kan-on: せん (sen)
• Kun: かゆ (kayu, 饘)