檀

檀 U+6A80, 檀 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A80 ← 橿 [U+6A7F] CJK Unified Ideographs 檁 → [U+6A81]

Translingual

Han character

檀 (radical 75, 木+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 木卜田一 (DYWM), four-corner 4091₆, composition ⿰木亶)

References

• KangXi: page 555, character 39
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15632
• Dae Jaweon: page 945, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1305, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6A80

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		檀
alternative forms		枟 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 檀
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (旦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
皽	*tjaʀ, *tanʔ, *tjanʔ
担	*taːnʔ
胆	*daːn, *daːn
疸	*taːnʔ, *taːns
觛	*taːnʔ, *taːns, *daːnʔ
亶	*taːnʔ
嬗	*taːnʔ, *tʰaːn, *djans
笪	*taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd
狚	*taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd
旦	*taːns
鴠	*taːns
譠	*tʰaːn, *rteːn
坦	*tʰaːnʔ
但	*daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns
檀	*daːn
壇	*daːn
儃	*daːn, *djan
驙	*daːn, *tan
袒	*daːnʔ, *rdeːns
襢	*daːnʔ, *tanʔ, *tans
繵	*daːnʔ
膻	*daːnʔ
澶	*daːns, *djan
邅	*tan, *danʔ, *dans
鱣	*tan
饘	*tjan, *tjanʔ
旜	*tjan
氈	*tjan
鸇	*tjan
顫	*tjans
蟺	*djanʔ
擅	*djans
羶	*hljan
呾	*taːd, *ʔraːd
怛	*taːd
妲	*taːd
靼	*taːd, *tjad
炟	*taːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *daːn): semantic 木 + phonetic 亶 (OC *taːnʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tán (tan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): taan⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thàn
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): tân / tôaⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tang⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: tán
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˊ
    • Wade–Giles: tʻan2
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarn
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tán
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: taan⁴
    • Yale: tàahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: taan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: tan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰäːn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: tanˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tan²
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰan¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tân
    • Tâi-lô: tân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: daan
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /tan²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tan¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tôaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tuânn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dvoaa
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tuã²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tuã¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /tuã²⁴/

Note:

• tân - literary;
• tôaⁿ - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: tang⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thâng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /dɑn/

Rime
Character	檀
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒干切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dan/
Li Rong	/dɑn/
Wang Li	/dɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taan4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*daːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	檀
Reading #	1/1
No.	2062
Phonetic component	旦
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	壇
Old Chinese	/*daːn/

Definitions

檀

1. Name of several kind of plants, including:
   1. 紫檀 (zǐtán, “Pterocarpus indicus”)
   2. 青檀 (“Pteroceltis tatarinowii”)
   3. 黃檀／黄檀 (huángtán, “Dalbergia hupeana”)
   4. Short for 旃檀 (“Santalum album”), also known as 檀香 (tánxiāng)
2. purple-red
3. A surname​.

Compounds

• 伐檀
• 印度黃檀／印度黄檀 (Yìndù huángtán)
• 旃檀
• 栴檀 (zhāntán)
• 檀信 (tánxìn)
• 檀口
• 檀弓
• 檀施 (tánshī)
• 檀暈妝／檀晕妆
• 檀木靴
• 檀板 (tánbǎn)

• 檀林
• 檀槽
• 檀欒／檀栾
• 檀溪 (Tánxī)
• 檀粉
• 檀越
• 檀車／檀车
• 檀那 (tánnà)
• 檀郎
• 檀郎謝女／檀郎谢女
• 檀香 (tánxiāng)

• 檀香山 (Tánxiāng Shān)
• 檀香扇
• 欃檀
• 毚檀
• 白檀 (báitán)
• 紫檀 (zǐtán)
• 邏逤檀／逻逤檀
• 阿檀
• 馬躍檀溪／马跃檀溪
• 黑檀木 (hēitánmù)

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Japanese

Kanji

檀

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: だん (dan)
• Kan-on: たん (tan)
• Kun: まゆみ (mayumi, 檀)

Compounds

• 白檀(びゃくだん) (byakudan): Indian sandalwood (Santalum album)

Kanji in this term
檀
まゆみ Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) まゆみ [màyúmí] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) ま​ゆみ [máꜜyùmì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ma̠jɯ̟ᵝmʲi]

Alternative forms

• 真弓, 檀弓

Noun

檀(まゆみ) • (mayumi) 

1. Euonymus hamiltonianus
2. a bow made from the wood of Euonymus hamiltonianus

Proper noun

檀(だん) • (Dan) 

1. A surname​.

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 檀 (MC dɑn).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	딴 (Yale: ttàn)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ta̠n]
• Phonetic hangul: [단]

Hanja

檀 (eumhun 박달나무 단 (bakdallamu dan))

1. Hanja form^? of 단 (“birch tree”). [affix]

   Synonyms: 橽, 樺

2. Hanja form^? of 단 (“sandalwood tree”). [affix]

   Synonyms: 栴, 楝, 栲, 栝

3. Hanja form^? of 단 (“short for Dangun”). [affix]
4. Hanja form^? of 단 (“dana (Buddhism)”). [affix]

Compounds

Compounds

• 단가 (檀家, dan'ga, “household giving dana”)
• 단군 (檀君, Dan'gun, “Dangun”)
• 단궁 (檀弓, dan'gung, “birch bow”)
• 단기 (檀紀, dan'gi, “Dangun era”)
• 단도 (檀徒, dando, “those who give dana”)
• 단상 (檀像, dansang, “wooden Buddha”)
• 단시 (檀施, dansi, “dana”)
• 단목 (檀木, danmok, “birch”)
• 단향 (檀香, danhyang, “sandalwood”)
• 단향목 (檀香木, danhyangmok, “sandalwood”)
• 백단 (白檀, baekdan, “white sandalwood”)
• 자단 (紫檀, jadan, “rosewood”)
• 전단 (栴檀, jeondan, “sandalwood”)
• 진단 (震檀, Jindan, “Korea”)
• 흑단 (黑檀, heukdan, “black sandalwood”)
• 백단향 (白檀香, baekdanhyang, “white sandalwood”)
• 경지전단 (瓊枝旃檀, gyeongjijeondan, “virtuous man of talent”)
• 단군왕검 (檀君王儉, Dan'gunwanggeom, “Dangun”)

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Vietnamese

Han character

檀: Hán Nôm readings: đàn, trầm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.