霄

See also: 㲵

霄 U+9704, 霄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9704 ← 霃 [U+9703] CJK Unified Ideographs 霅 → [U+9705]

Translingual

Han character

霄 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+7, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一月火月 (MBFB), four-corner 1022₇, composition ⿱雨肖)

Derived characters

• 𥍕

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1374, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42290
• Dae Jaweon: page 1883, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4064, character 2
• Unihan data for U+9704

Chinese

trad.		霄
simp. #		霄
alternative forms		㲵 䨭

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 霄
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (肖) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
梢	*sreːw
捎	*sreːw, *sew
筲	*sreːw
鞘	*sreːw, *slewɢs
艄	*sreːw
蛸	*sreːw, *sew
髾	*sreːw
輎	*sreːw
旓	*sreːw
弰	*sreːw
鮹	*sreːw, *sew
綃	*sreːw, *sew
颵	*sreːw
莦	*sreːw, *sew
娋	*sreːw, *sreːws
稍	*sreːws
哨	*sreːws, *sʰews, *sew
揱	*sreːwɢs, *slew, *sreːwɢ
潲	*sreːws
睄	*sreːws
悄	*sʰewʔ
俏	*sʰews
峭	*sʰews
陗	*sʰews
帩	*sʰews
誚	*zews
消	*sew
宵	*sew
霄	*sew
硝	*sew
銷	*sew
逍	*sew
魈	*sew
痟	*slew
焇	*sew
肖	*slew, *slews
韒	*slewɢs
趙	*l'ewʔ
箾	*seːw, *sleːw
踃	*seːw
削	*slewɢ
矟	*sreːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sew) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiāo (xiao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): siu¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sêu
• Eastern Min (BUC): siĕu
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siau / sio

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siao
    • Wade–Giles: hsiao¹
    • Yale: syāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiau
    • Palladius: сяо (sjao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: siu¹
    • Yale: sīu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: siu¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: xiu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːu̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sêu
    • Hakka Romanization System: seu^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: seu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /seu̯²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: siĕu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sieu⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siau / sio
    • Tâi-lô: siau / sio
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siaw, sioy
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siau⁴⁴/, /sio⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siau³³/, /sio³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siau⁴⁴/, /sio⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /siau⁴⁴/, /sio⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siau⁴⁴/, /siɤ⁴⁴/

Note: sio - in 雲霄／云霄 (“Yunxiao”).

---

• Middle Chinese: sjew

Rime
Character	霄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	相邀切
Baxter	sjew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siᴇu/
Pan Wuyun	/siɛu/
Shao Rongfen	/sjæu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/siaw/
Li Rong	/siɛu/
Wang Li	/sĭɛu/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯ɛu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	siu1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ew/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sew/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	霄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiāo
Middle Chinese	‹ sjew ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]ew/
English	sleet
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	霄
Reading #	1/1
No.	13741
Phonetic component	肖
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	宵
Old Chinese	/*sew/

Definitions

霄

1. sky; heaven
2. clouds; mist
3. sleet
4. Alternative form of 宵 (“night”)
5. Alternative form of 消 (xiāo, “to dissolve”)
6. a surname

Compounds

• 丹霄
• 九重霄
• 九霄 (jiǔxiāo)
• 九霄雲外／九霄云外 (jiǔxiāoyúnwài)
• 凌霄 (língxiāo)
• 凌霄殿
• 凌霄花 (língxiāohuā)
• 天霄
• 氣凌霄漢／气凌霄汉
• 氣沖霄漢／气冲霄汉
• 氣踰霄漢／气逾霄汉
• 沖霄／冲霄
• 沖霄漢外／冲霄汉外
• 目視雲霄／目视云霄
• 碧霄
• 義氣干霄／义气干霄
• 聳壑昂霄／耸壑昂霄
• 聲徹雲霄／声彻云霄
• 迥隔霄壤
• 重霄 (chóngxiāo)
• 陵霄
• 雲霄／云霄 (yúnxiāo)
• 雲霄飛車／云霄飞车 (yúnxiāo fēichē)
• 霄壤
• 霄壤之別／霄壤之别
• 霄壤之殊
• 霄漢／霄汉 (xiāohàn)
• 靈霄寶殿／灵霄宝殿 (Língxiāobǎodiàn)
• 青霄
• 響徹雲霄／响彻云霄 (xiǎngchèyúnxiāo)
• 高入雲霄／高入云霄
• 魄散九霄

 

Further reading

• “霄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

霄

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: しょう (shō)^{←せう (seu, historical)}
• Kan-on: しょう (shō)^{←せう (seu, historical)}
• Kun: そら (sora, 霄)

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰo̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [소]

Hanja

Wikisource

霄 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

霄: Hán Nôm readings: tiêu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.