Peking
English
Alternative forms
Etymology
c. 1655 romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 北京 (Běijīng), q.v., from before the modern palatalization of /k/. The early Portuguese and Jesuits such as Francis Xavier used the spelling Paquim; Abraham Ortelius used C. Paquin for his 1572 Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, the first modern atlas; Italian Jesuit Martino Martini used Peking in his 1654 Latin De Bello Tartarico Historia and 1655 Novus Atlas Sinensis, which were quickly translated into English and later used by Joan Blaeu for his 1665 Atlas Maior. Peter Heylyn's Cosmographie changed its spelling from Paquin in the 1652 edition to Peking in the 1658 edition, but both Pekin and Peking were used interchangeably in English until the Chinese Imperial Post adopted Peking as its official transcription in the 1890s.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /piːˈkɪŋ/,[1][2][3] /peɪ.ˈkɪŋ/[1][2]
- enPR: pēʹkǐngʹ, pāʹkǐngʹ
Audio (UK): (file) - Rhymes: -ɪŋ
- Hyphenation: Pe‧king
Proper noun
Peking
- Dated form of Beijing, a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China.
-
- The Emperour hearing of the ill ſucceſſe of this Affairs, began to think of leaving the Northern parts, where his Royal City of Peking is ſituated, and to paſſe to Nankuing which is far more Southward; but he was diſſwaded from this intended courſe as well by his loyal, as diſloyal ſubjec͡ts : by theſe, that they might give him up more ſpeedily into the enemies hands, before their treachery was diſcovered; and by the others, leſt his flight might trouble the Kingdome more, and diſcourage all his Subjec͡ts from giving their beſt aſſiſtance; for they thought the City impregnable, being fortified with ſo ſtrong a Garriſon; nor did they doubt that the Kings preſence would draw the ſources of the whole Kingdom to him.
- 1972 February 20, President Richard Nixon, 15:48 from the start, in Nixon in China (The Film)[2], Agana, Guam: Richard Nixon Presidential Library:
- This is not a time for a long speech but, I would not want this opportunity to pass without saying just a word with regard to the significance of this moment. Some of you may recall that it was two and a half years ago that right here in Guam, I announced a new direction for American foreign policy based on the principles of self-reliance, self-respect- equal dignity for all nations, large and small throughout the world. And tomorrow, I will take off from Guam for Shanghai and Peking, the first President of the United States ever to visit China. Guam, I know it is said, is where the American day begins. And I would hope that all of you today would join me in this prayer, that with this trip to China, a new day may begin for the whole world. Thank you very much.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Peking.
-
- (metonymically) The government of the People's Republic of China; the central leadership of the Chinese Communist Party.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Peking.
Usage notes
Cultural terms using Peking such as Peking duck and Peking opera are the standard English language forms. However, as a reference to the city itself, Peking, though common in English into the 1980s,[4] is less common than the pinyin-derived Beijing in standard English and can feel dated and/or historical. The adjectival form Pekingese is more common than the more recently generated terms Beijingese and Beijinger.
Coordinate terms
Derived terms
Translations
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “Peking”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 “Peking”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
- ^ “Peking”, in Collins English Dictionary.
- ^ Peking,Beijing at the Google Books Ngram Viewer.
Further reading
- “Peking, pn.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- “Peking”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- “Peking” in TheFreeDictionary.com, Huntingdon Valley, Pa.: Farlex, Inc., 2003–2024.
Anagrams
Czech
Pronunciation
Proper noun
Lua error in Module:cs-sk-headword at line 231: Invalid gender: 'm'; must specify animacy along with masculine gender
- Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)
Derived terms
Further reading
Dutch
Pronunciation
Proper noun
Peking n
- Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)
Finnish
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Proper noun
Peking
- Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China).
Declension
Inflection of Peking (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | Peking | — | |
genitive | Pekingin | — | |
partitive | Pekingiä | — | |
illative | Pekingiin | — | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | Peking | — | |
accusative | nom. | Peking | — |
gen. | Pekingin | ||
genitive | Pekingin | — | |
partitive | Pekingiä | — | |
inessive | Pekingissä | — | |
elative | Pekingistä | — | |
illative | Pekingiin | — | |
adessive | Pekingillä | — | |
ablative | Pekingiltä | — | |
allative | Pekingille | — | |
essive | Pekinginä | — | |
translative | Pekingiksi | — | |
abessive | Pekingittä | — | |
instructive | — | — | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of Peking (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
German
Pronunciation
Proper noun
Peking n (proper noun, genitive Pekings or (optionally with an article) Peking)
- Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)
- Synonym: (rare) Beijing
Usage notes
- In German, Peking remains the vastly predominant form of the name in all contexts (except perhaps sinologist literature and the like).
Derived terms
Further reading
- “Peking” in Duden online
- “Peking” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- Peking on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia de
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Proper noun
Peking
- Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)
- Synonym: Beijing
Declension
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | Peking | — |
accusative | Pekinget | — |
dative | Pekingnek | — |
instrumental | Pekinggel | — |
causal-final | Pekingért | — |
translative | Pekinggé | — |
terminative | Pekingig | — |
essive-formal | Pekingként | — |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | Pekingben | — |
superessive | Pekingen | — |
adessive | Pekingnél | — |
illative | Pekingbe | — |
sublative | Pekingre | — |
allative | Pekinghez | — |
elative | Pekingből | — |
delative | Pekingről | — |
ablative | Pekingtől | — |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
Pekingé | — |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
Pekingéi | — |
Possessive forms of Peking | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | Pekingem | — |
2nd person sing. | Pekinged | — |
3rd person sing. | Pekingje | — |
1st person plural | Pekingünk | — |
2nd person plural | Pekingetek | — |
3rd person plural | Pekingjük | — |
Derived terms
Interlingua
Proper noun
Peking
- Peking (the former name of Beijing, a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
Proper noun
Pèking m (Cyrillic spelling Пѐкинг)
- Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)
Declension
Slovak
Pronunciation
Proper noun
Lua error in Module:cs-sk-headword at line 231: Invalid gender: 'm'; must specify animacy along with masculine gender
References
- “Peking”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Swedish
Alternative forms
Proper noun
Peking ? (genitive Pekings)
- Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)
Anagrams
Tagalog
Etymology
From English Peking, from an old romanization of Nanjing court dialect Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng).
Pronunciation
Proper noun
Péking
- Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)
Further reading
- “Peking” at KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino[4], Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2021
- English terms borrowed from Mandarin
- English terms derived from Mandarin
- English terms borrowed from Chinese
- English terms derived from Chinese
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ɪŋ
- Rhymes:English/ɪŋ/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English proper nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English dated forms
- en:Municipalities of China
- en:Cities in China
- en:National capitals
- en:Places in China
- English terms with quotations
- English metonyms
- en:Beijing
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- cs:Beijing
- cs:Municipalities of China
- cs:Cities in China
- cs:National capitals
- cs:Places in China
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch proper nouns
- Dutch neuter nouns
- nl:Beijing
- nl:Municipalities of China
- nl:Cities in China
- nl:National capitals
- nl:Places in China
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ekiŋː
- Rhymes:Finnish/ekiŋː/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish proper nouns
- fi:Beijing
- fi:Municipalities of China
- fi:Cities in China
- fi:National capitals
- fi:Places in China
- Finnish risti-type nominals
- Finnish uncountable nouns
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German proper nouns
- German neuter nouns
- de:Beijing
- de:Municipalities of China
- de:Cities in China
- de:National capitals
- de:Places in China
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/iŋɡ
- Rhymes:Hungarian/iŋɡ/2 syllables
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian proper nouns
- hu:Beijing
- hu:Municipalities of China
- hu:Cities in China
- hu:National capitals
- hu:Places in China
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua proper nouns
- ia:Municipalities of China
- ia:Cities in China
- ia:National capitals
- ia:Places in China
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian proper nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- sh:Beijing
- sh:Municipalities of China
- sh:Cities in China
- sh:National capitals
- sh:Places in China
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- sk:Beijing
- sk:Cities in China
- sk:National capitals
- sk:Places in China
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish proper nouns
- sv:Beijing
- sv:Municipalities of China
- sv:Cities in China
- sv:National capitals
- sv:Places in China
- Tagalog terms borrowed from English
- Tagalog terms derived from English
- Tagalog terms derived from Mandarin
- Tagalog 2-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog proper nouns
- tl:Beijing
- tl:Municipalities of China
- tl:Cities in China
- tl:National capitals
- tl:Places in China