User:Victar/PIE neuter root nouns

*deru- (“tree”)

Proto-Indo-European: *dóru n	Proto-Indo-Iranian	Proto-Indo-Aryan
Athematic, proterokinetic singular nominative *dóru genitive *dréws singular dual plural nominative *dóru *dórwih₁ *dóruh₂ vocative *dóru *dórwih₁ *dóruh₂ accusative *dóru *dórwih₁ *dóruh₂ genitive *dréws *? *dréwoHom ablative *dréws *? *drúmos dative *dréwey *? *drúmos locative *dréw, *dréwi *? *drúsu instrumental *drúh₁ *? *drúmis	neuter consonant stem singular dual plural nominative *dā́ru *dā́ru *dā́ru vocative *dā́ru *dā́ru *dā́ru accusative *dā́ru *dā́ru *dā́ru instrumental *dráwáH *dráwbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *dráwbʰíš ablative *dráwás *dráwbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *dráwbʰyáH dative *dráwáy *dráwbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *dráwbʰyáH genitive *dráwás *dráwáwš *dráwām locative *dráwí *dráwáwš *dráwsu	neuter n-stem singular dual plural nominative *dā́ru *dā́ruíH *dā́ruā́ni vocative *dā́ru *dā́ruíH *dā́ruā́ni accusative *dā́ru *dā́ruíH *dā́ruā́ni instrumental *dā́runáH *dā́ruábʰyā(m) *dā́ruábʰiš ablative *dā́runás *dā́ruábʰyā(m) *dā́ruábʰyas dative *dā́runáy *dā́ruábʰyā(m) *dā́ruábʰyas genitive *dā́runás *dā́rusáktʰáw *dā́runā́m locative *dā́ruán, -áni — *dā́ruášu

• Proto-Anatolian: *dōru-
  • Hittite: 𒋫𒊒 (taru), 𒋫𒀀𒊒 (tāru)
  • Luwian: 𒋫𒀀𒊒 (tāru)
• Proto-Hellenic: *dóru
  • Ancient Greek: δόρυ (dóru)
    • → English: doru, dory (learned)
    • Greek: δόρυ n (dóry, “spear”)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dā́ru
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dā́ru
    • Sanskrit: दारु (dā́ru, “wood”), द्रोः (dróḥ, gen.sg.) < *dr-éw-s; द्रु (drú, “tree, branch”) < zero-grade *dr-ú
  • Proto-Iranian: *dā́ru
    • Avestan: 𐬛𐬁𐬎𐬭𐬎 (dā^uru)
    • Old Persian: 𐎭𐎠𐎽𐎢𐎺 (d-a-ru-u-v /⁠dāruv⁠/)
      • Middle Persian: [script needed] (dʾl /⁠dār⁠/)
        • Persian: دار (dâr)
        • Bakhtiari: دار (dâr)
• Proto-Tocharian: *or
  • Tocharian A: or (“wood”)
  • Tocharian B: or (“wood”, sg.), ārwa (“firewood”, pl.)

*dews- (“arm, shoulder”)

Proto-Indo-European: *dóws f	Proto-Indo-European: *déws n	Proto-Indo-Iranian	Proto-Indo-Aryan
Athematic, acrostatic singular nominative *dóws genitive *déwsos singular dual plural nominative *dóws *dówsh₁(e) *dówses vocative *dóws *dówsh₁(e) *dówses accusative *dówsm̥ *dówsh₁(e) *dówsm̥s genitive *déwsos *? *déwsoHom ablative *déwsos *? *déwsmos dative *déwsey *? *déwsmos locative *déws, *déwsi *? *déwsu instrumental *déwsh₁ *? *déwsmis	Athematic, amphikinetic singular nominative *déws genitive *dusés singular dual plural nominative *déws *déwsih₁ *déwsh₂ vocative *déws *déwsih₁ *déwsh₂ accusative *déws *déwsih₁ *déwsh₂ genitive *dusés *? *dusóHom ablative *dusés *? *dusmós dative *duséy *? *dusmós locative *déws, *déwsi *? *dusú instrumental *duséh₁ *? *dusmís	neuter consonant stem singular dual plural nominative *dáwš *dáwš *dáwš vocative *dáwš *dáwš *dáwš accusative *dáwš *dáwš *dáwš instrumental *dušáH *dušbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *dušbʰíš ablative *dušás *dušbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *dušbʰyáH dative *dušáy *dušbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *dušbʰyáH genitive *dušás *dušáwš *dušām locative *duší *dušáwš *dušsu	neuter n-stem singular dual plural nominative *dáwš *dáwšíH *dáwšā́ni vocative *dáwš *dáwšíH *dáwšā́ni accusative *dáwš *dáwšíH *dáwšā́ni instrumental *dáwšnáH *dáwšábʰyā(m) *dáwšábʰiš ablative *dáwšnás *dáwšábʰyā(m) *dáwšábʰyas dative *dáwšnáy *dáwšábʰyā(m) *dáwšábʰyas genitive *dáwšnás *dáwšsáktʰáw *dáwšnā́m locative *dáwšán, -áni — *dáwšášu

• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dáwš n
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dáwṣ
    • Vedic Sanskrit:

      Atharva Vedic: दोषणी (doṣáṇī, nom.du.), दोषी (doṣī, nom.du.), दोष्णोष् (doṣṇoṣ, gen.du.), दोष्भ्याम् (doṣbhyā́m, dat.du.)

      Rig Vedic: दोस् (dóṣ, nom.acc.sg.), दोषण्यम् (doṣaṇyam, pl.)

      Yajur Vedic: दोस् (dóṣ, nom.acc.sg.), दोषः (doṣáḥ, gen.sg.)

  • Proto-Iranian: *dáwš
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬱 (daoš), də̄uš, daoša
    • Middle Persian: [script needed] (dwš /⁠dōš⁠/)
• ⇒ *dewsn̥-téh₂
  • Proto-Celtic: *dowsantā
    • Old Irish: doë, doit

*dʰédʰh₁- (“fermented milk”)

Proto-Indo-European: *dʰédʰh₁ n	Proto-Indo-Iranian	Proto-Indo-Aryan
Athematic, amphikinetic singular nominative *dʰédʰh₁ genitive *dʰdʰh₁és singular dual plural nominative *dʰédʰh₁ *dʰédʰh₁ih₁ *dʰédʰh₁h₂ vocative *dʰédʰh₁ *dʰédʰh₁ih₁ *dʰédʰh₁h₂ accusative *dʰédʰh₁ *dʰédʰh₁ih₁ *dʰédʰh₁h₂ genitive *dʰdʰh₁és *? *dʰdʰh₁óHom ablative *dʰdʰh₁és *? *dʰdʰh₁mós dative *dʰdʰh₁éy *? *dʰdʰh₁mós locative *dʰédʰh₁, *dʰédʰh₁i *? *dʰdʰh₁sú instrumental *dʰdʰh₁éh₁ *? *dʰdʰh₁mís	neuter consonant stem singular dual plural nominative *dʰádʰ *dʰádʰā́w *dʰádʰ vocative *dʰádʰ *dʰádʰā́w *dʰádʰ accusative *dʰádʰ *dʰádʰā́w *dʰádʰ instrumental *dʰádʰáH *dʰádʰbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *dʰádʰbʰíš ablative *dʰádʰás *dʰádʰbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *dʰádʰbʰyáH dative *dʰádʰáy *dʰádʰbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *dʰádʰbʰyáH genitive *dʰádʰás *dʰádʰáwš *dʰádʰām locative *dʰádʰí *dʰádʰáwš *dʰádʰsu	neuter n-stem singular dual plural nominative *dʰádʰ *dʰádʰíH *dʰádʰā́ni vocative *dʰádʰ *dʰádʰíH *dʰádʰā́ni accusative *dʰádʰ *dʰádʰíH *dʰádʰā́ni instrumental *dʰádʰnáH *dʰádʰábʰyā(m) *dʰádʰábʰiš ablative *dʰádʰnás *dʰádʰábʰyā(m) *dʰádʰábʰyas dative *dʰádʰnáy *dʰádʰábʰyā(m) *dʰádʰábʰyas genitive *dʰádʰnás *dʰádʰsáktʰáw *dʰádʰnā́m locative *dʰádʰán, -áni — *dʰádʰášu

• Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  • Old Prussian: dadan
• Proto-Albanian: *dedī
  • Albanian: djathë m (“cheese”)
• Vedic Sanskrit: (“sour milk”)

  Rig Vedic: दध्नस् (dadhnás, gen.sg.), दध्ना (dadhnā́, instr.sg.)

  Yajur Vedic: दधि (dádhi, nom.sg.)

*h₁eh₃s- (“mouth”)

Proto-Indo-European: *h₁éh₃s n	Proto-Indo-Iranian	Proto-Indo-Aryan
Athematic, amphikinetic singular nominative *h₁éh₃s genitive *h₁h₃sés singular dual plural nominative *h₁éh₃s *h₁éh₃sih₁ *h₁éh₃sh₂ vocative *h₁éh₃s *h₁éh₃sih₁ *h₁éh₃sh₂ accusative *h₁éh₃s *h₁éh₃sih₁ *h₁éh₃sh₂ genitive *h₁h₃sés *? *h₁h₃sóHom ablative *h₁h₃sés *? *h₁h₃smós dative *h₁h₃séy *? *h₁h₃smós locative *h₁éh₃s, *h₁éh₃si *? *h₁h₃sú instrumental *h₁h₃séh₁ *? *h₁h₃smís	neuter consonant stem singular dual plural nominative *HáHs *HáHsā́w *HáHs vocative *HáHs *HáHsā́w *HáHs accusative *HáHs *HáHsā́w *HáHs instrumental *HáHsáH *HáHsbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *HáHsbʰíš ablative *HáHsás *HáHsbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *HáHsbʰyáH dative *HáHsáy *HáHsbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *HáHsbʰyáH genitive *HáHsás *HáHsáwš *HáHsām locative *HáHsí *HáHsáwš *HáHssu	neuter n-stem singular dual plural nominative *HáHs *HáHsíH *HáHsā́ni vocative *HáHs *HáHsíH *HáHsā́ni accusative *HáHs *HáHsíH *HáHsā́ni instrumental *HáHsnáH *HáHsábʰyā(m) *HáHsábʰiš ablative *HáHsnás *HáHsábʰyā(m) *HáHsábʰyas dative *HáHsnáy *HáHsábʰyā(m) *HáHsábʰyas genitive *HáHsnás *HáHssáktʰáw *HáHsnā́m locative *HáHsán, -áni — *HáHsášu	neuter a-stem singular dual plural nominative *HáHsyám *HáHsyáy *HáHsyáH vocative *HáHsyám *HáHsyáy *HáHsyáH accusative *HáHsyám *HáHsyáy *HáHsyáH instrumental *HáHsyā́ *HáHsyáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *HáHsyā́yš ablative *HáHsyā́t *HáHsyáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *HáHsyáybʰyas dative *HáHsyā́y *HáHsyáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *HáHsyáybʰyas genitive *HáHsyásya *HáHsyáyās *HáHsyā́na(H)m locative *HáHsyáy *HáHsyáyaw *HáHsyáyšu

• Proto-Anatolian:
  • Hittite: 𒀀𒄿𒅖 (a-i-š /⁠aiš⁠/)
• Proto-Celtic: *ās-
  • Old Irish: á
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HáHs
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HáHs
    • Vedic Sanskrit:

      Rig Vedic: आसा (āsā́), आस्ना (āsnā́, instr.sg.), आसस् (āsás, abl.sg.), आसन् (āsán), आसनि (āsáni, loc.sg.)

      ?: आस् (ā́s, nom.sg.)

  • Proto-Iranian: *HáHh
    • Old Avestan: [script needed] (ā̊ŋhō, gen.sg.), [script needed] (^ə̄əā̊ŋhā, instr.sg.)
      • Younger Avestan: [script needed] (ā̊ŋha, instr.sg.)
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (eha, loc.sg.)
• Proto-Italic: *ōs
  • Latin: ōs
• ⇒ *h₁óh₃s-o-s
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *oust-
    • Old Prussian: austo
    • Proto-Slavic: *usta (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *ōsaz (see there for further descendants)

*h₂eḱru- (“tear”)

Proto-Indo-European: *h₂éḱru n	Proto-Indo-Iranian	Proto-Indo-Aryan
Athematic, proterokinetic singular nominative *h₂éḱru genitive *h₂ḱréws singular dual plural nominative *h₂éḱru *h₂éḱr̥wih₁ *h₂éḱruh₂ vocative *h₂éḱru *h₂éḱr̥wih₁ *h₂éḱruh₂ accusative *h₂éḱru *h₂éḱr̥wih₁ *h₂éḱruh₂ genitive *h₂ḱréws *? *h₂ḱréwoHom ablative *h₂ḱréws *? *h₂ḱrúmos dative *h₂ḱréwey *? *h₂ḱrúmos locative *h₂ḱréw, *h₂ḱréwi *? *h₂ḱrúsu instrumental *h₂ḱrúh₁ *? *h₂ḱrúmis	neuter consonant stem singular dual plural nominative *Háĉru *Háĉru *Háĉru vocative *Háĉru *Háĉru *Háĉru accusative *Háĉru *Háĉru *Háĉru instrumental *HĉráwáH *HĉráwbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *Hĉráwbʰíš ablative *Hĉráwás *HĉráwbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *HĉráwbʰyáH dative *Hĉráwáy *HĉráwbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *HĉráwbʰyáH genitive *Hĉráwás *Hĉráwáwš *Hĉráwām locative *Hĉráwí *Hĉráwáwš *Hĉráwsu	neuter n-stem singular dual plural nominative *Háśru *HáśruíH *Háśruā́ni vocative *Háśru *HáśruíH *Háśruā́ni accusative *Háśru *HáśruíH *Háśruā́ni instrumental *HáśrunáH *Háśruábʰyā(m) *Háśruábʰiš ablative *Háśrunás *Háśruábʰyā(m) *Háśruábʰyas dative *Háśrunáy *Háśruábʰyā(m) *Háśruábʰyas genitive *Háśrunás *Háśrusáktʰáw *Háśrunā́m locative *Háśruán, -áni — *Háśruášu

• Anatolian:
  • Hittite: 𒅖𒄩𒀪𒊒 (isḫaḫru) (with some prefix?)
• Balto-Slavic:
  • Latvian: asara
  • Lithuanian: ãšara
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háĉru (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Tocharian: *ākru
  • Tocharian A: ākär
  • Tocharian B: akrūna

*h₂esth₁- (“bone”)

Proto-Indo-European: *h₂ésth₁ n	Proto-Indo-Iranian	Proto-Indo-Aryan
Athematic, amphikinetic singular nominative *h₁ésth₁ genitive *h₂sth₁és singular dual plural nominative *h₁ésth₁ *h₁ésth₁ih₁ *h₁ésth₁h₂ vocative *h₁ésth₁ *h₁ésth₁ih₁ *h₁ésth₁h₂ accusative *h₁ésth₁ *h₁ésth₁ih₁ *h₁ésth₁h₂ genitive *h₂sth₁és *? *h₂sth₁óHom ablative *h₂sth₁és *? *h₂sth₁mós dative *h₂sth₁éy *? *h₂sth₁mós locative *h₁ésth₁, *h₁ésth₁i *? *h₂sth₁sú instrumental *h₂sth₁éh₁ *? *h₂sth₁mís	neuter consonant stem singular dual plural nominative *Hástʰ *Hástʰā́w *Hástʰ vocative *Hástʰ *Hástʰā́w *Hástʰ accusative *Hástʰ *Hástʰā́w *Hástʰ instrumental *HástʰáH *HástʰbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *Hástʰbʰíš ablative *Hástʰás *HástʰbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *HástʰbʰyáH dative *Hástʰáy *HástʰbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *HástʰbʰyáH genitive *Hástʰás *Hástʰáwš *Hástʰām locative *Hástʰí *Hástʰáwš *Hástʰsu	neuter n-stem singular dual plural nominative *Hástʰ *HástʰíH *Hástʰā́ni vocative *Hástʰ *HástʰíH *Hástʰā́ni accusative *Hástʰ *HástʰíH *Hástʰā́ni instrumental *HástʰnáH *Hástʰábʰyā(m) *Hástʰábʰiš ablative *Hástʰnás *Hástʰábʰyā(m) *Hástʰábʰyas dative *Hástʰnáy *Hástʰábʰyā(m) *Hástʰábʰyas genitive *Hástʰnás *Hástʰsáktʰáw *Hástʰnā́m locative *Hástʰán, -áni — *Hástʰášu

• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hástʰ
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hástʰ
    • Vedic Sanskrit:

      Atharva Vedic: अस्थीनि (ásthīni, nom.acc.pl.), अस्थ्नस् (asthnás, gen.sg.), अस्थिभ्यस् (asthíbhyas, dat.pl.)

      Rig Vedic: अस्थि (ásthi, nom.sg.), अस्था (asthā́, instr.sg.), अस्थभिष् (asthábhiṣ, instr.pl.)

      Yajur Vedic: अस्नाम् (asnā́m, gen.pl.)

      ?: asthnā́, asthán, asthā́ni

  • Proto-Iranian: *Hást
    • Old Avestan: [script needed] (ascīt̰, nom.acc.sg.), [script needed] (azdəbīšcā, instr.pl.)
      • Younger Avestan: [script needed] (astō, gen.sg.), [script needed] (asti, nom.acc.pl.), [script needed] (astąm, gen.pl.)
    • Kurdish: hestî
    • Persian: است (ast), استخوان (ostoxân)
  • Proto-Nuristani:
    • Kamviri: âṭi

*h₃ekʷ- (“eye”)

Proto-Indo-European: *h₃ókʷs f	Proto-Indo-European: *h₃ékʷ n	Proto-Indo-Iranian
Athematic, acrostatic singular nominative *h₃ókʷs genitive *h₃ékʷs singular dual plural nominative *h₃ókʷs *h₃ókʷh₁(e) *h₃ókʷes vocative *h₃ókʷ *h₃ókʷh₁(e) *h₃ókʷes accusative *h₃ókʷm̥ *h₃ókʷh₁(e) *h₃ókʷm̥s genitive *h₃ékʷs *? *h₃ékʷoHom ablative *h₃ékʷs *? *h₃ékʷmos dative *h₃ékʷey *? *h₃ékʷmos locative *h₃ékʷ, *h₃ékʷi *? *h₃ékʷsu instrumental *h₃ékʷh₁ *? *h₃ékʷmis	Athematic, amphikinetic singular nominative *h₃ékʷ genitive *h₃kʷés singular dual plural nominative *h₃ékʷ *h₃ékʷih₁ *h₃ékʷh₂ vocative *h₃ékʷ *h₃ékʷih₁ *h₃ékʷh₂ accusative *h₃ékʷ *h₃ékʷih₁ *h₃ékʷh₂ genitive *h₃kʷés *? *h₃kʷóHom ablative *h₃kʷés *? *h₃kʷmós dative *h₃kʷéy *? *h₃kʷmós locative *h₃ékʷ, *h₃ékʷi *? *h₃kʷsú instrumental *h₃kʷéh₁ *? *h₃kʷmís	neuter consonant stem singular dual plural nominative *Hákš *Hákšā́w *Hákš vocative *Hákš *Hákšā́w *Hákš accusative *Hákš *Hákšā́w *Hákš instrumental *HákšáH *HákšbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *Hákšbʰíš ablative *Hákšás *HákšbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *HákšbʰyáH dative *Hákšáy *HákšbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *HákšbʰyáH genitive *Hákšás *Hákšáwš *Hákšām locative *Hákší *Hákšáwš *Hákšsu

• Proto-Indo-Iranian: [Term?] n
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    • Vedic Sanskrit:

      Rig Vedic: अक्ष्णस् (akṣṇás, gen.sg.), अक्षी (akṣī́, nom.acc.du.), अक्षाणि (akṣā́ṇi, nom.acc.pl.), अक्षभिष् (akṣábhiṣ, gen.pl.)

      Yajur Vedic: सक्थ्ना (sakthnā́, instr.sg.)

      ?: अक्षि (ákṣi)

  • Proto-Iranian:
    • Younger Avestan: [script needed] (aši, nom.acc.du.)

*ḱerd- (“heart”)

Proto-Indo-European: *ḱḗr n

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Athematic, amphikinetic singular nominative *ḱḗr genitive *ḱr̥dés singular dual plural nominative *ḱḗr *ḱérdih₁ *ḱérdh₂ vocative *ḱḗr *ḱérdih₁ *ḱérdh₂ accusative *ḱḗr *ḱérdih₁ *ḱérdh₂ genitive *ḱr̥dés *? *ḱr̥dóHom ablative *ḱr̥dés *? *ḱr̥dmós dative *ḱr̥déy *? *ḱr̥dmós locative *ḱḗr, *ḱérdi *? *ḱr̥dsú instrumental *ḱr̥déh₁ *? *ḱr̥dmís

neuter a-stem singular dual plural nominative *ĵʰŕ̥dayám *ĵʰŕ̥dayáy *ĵʰŕ̥dayáH vocative *ĵʰŕ̥dayám *ĵʰŕ̥dayáy *ĵʰŕ̥dayáH accusative *ĵʰŕ̥dayám *ĵʰŕ̥dayáy *ĵʰŕ̥dayáH instrumental *ĵʰŕ̥dayā́ *ĵʰŕ̥dayáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *ĵʰŕ̥dayā́yš ablative *ĵʰŕ̥dayā́t *ĵʰŕ̥dayáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *ĵʰŕ̥dayáybʰyas dative *ĵʰŕ̥dayā́y *ĵʰŕ̥dayáybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *ĵʰŕ̥dayáybʰyas genitive *ĵʰŕ̥dayásya *ĵʰŕ̥dayáyās *ĵʰŕ̥dayā́na(H)m locative *ĵʰŕ̥dayáy *ĵʰŕ̥dayáyaw *ĵʰŕ̥dayáyšu

*ḱerh₂- (“head”)

Proto-Indo-European: *ḱérh₂ n	Proto-Indo-Iranian	Proto-Indo-Aryan
Athematic, amphikinetic singular nominative *ḱḗr genitive *ḱr̥h₂és singular dual plural nominative *ḱḗr *ḱérh₂ih₁ *ḱérh₂h₂ vocative *ḱḗr *ḱérh₂ih₁ *ḱérh₂h₂ accusative *ḱḗr *ḱérh₂ih₁ *ḱérh₂h₂ genitive *ḱr̥h₂és *? *ḱr̥h₂óHom ablative *ḱr̥h₂és *? *ḱr̥h₂mós dative *ḱr̥h₂éy *? *ḱr̥h₂mós locative *ḱḗr, *ḱérh₂i *? *ḱr̥h₂sú instrumental *ḱr̥h₂éh₁ *? *ḱr̥h₂mís	neuter consonant stem singular dual plural nominative *ĉā́r *ĉā́r *ĉā́r vocative *ĉā́r *ĉā́r *ĉā́r accusative *ĉā́r *ĉā́r *ĉā́r instrumental *ĉr̥HáH *ĉr̥HbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *ĉr̥Hbʰíš ablative *ĉr̥Hás *ĉr̥HbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *ĉr̥HbʰyáH dative *ĉr̥Háy *ĉr̥HbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *ĉr̥HbʰyáH genitive *ĉr̥Hás *ĉr̥Háwš *ĉr̥Hām locative *ĉr̥Hí *ĉr̥Háwš *ĉr̥Hsu	neuter n-stem singular dual plural nominative *śr̥H *śr̥HíH *śr̥Hā́ni vocative *śr̥H *śr̥HíH *śr̥Hā́ni accusative *śr̥H *śr̥HíH *śr̥Hā́ni instrumental *śr̥HnáH *śr̥Hábʰyā(m) *śr̥Hábʰiš ablative *śr̥Hnás *śr̥Hábʰyā(m) *śr̥Hábʰyas dative *śr̥Hnáy *śr̥Hábʰyā(m) *śr̥Hábʰyas genitive *śr̥Hnás *śr̥Hsáktʰáw *śr̥Hnā́m locative *śr̥Hán, -áni — *śr̥Hášu

• Proto-Indo-Iranian: [Term?] n
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    • Vedic Sanskrit:

      Rig Vedic: शिरस् (śíras, nom.sg.), शीर्ष्णा (śīrṣṇā́, instr.sg.), शीर्ष्णस् (śīrṣṇás, gen.abl.sg.), शीर्षन् (śīrṣán), शीर्षणि (śīrṣáṇi, loc.sg.), शीर्षसु (śīrṣásu, loc.pl.)

      Rig Vedic: शीरम् (śīrám, nom.sg.), शिर्सा (śírsā, instr.sg.), शिरसि (śírasi, loc.sg.), शीर्ष्णे (śīrṣṇé, nom.du.)

      ?: शीर्षा (śīrṣā́), शीर्षानि (śīrṣā́ni)

  • Proto-Iranian:
    • Old Avestan: [script needed] (sarə̄, gen.sg.)
      • Younger Avestan: [script needed] (sarō, gen.sg.)

*sekʷth₂- (“(upper) leg, thigh”)

Proto-Indo-European: *sékʷth₂ n	Proto-Indo-Iranian	Proto-Indo-Aryan
Athematic, amphikinetic singular nominative *sékʷth₂ genitive *skʷth₂és singular dual plural nominative *sékʷth₂ *sékʷth₂ih₁ *sékʷth₂h₂ vocative *sékʷth₂ *sékʷth₂ih₁ *sékʷth₂h₂ accusative *sékʷth₂ *sékʷth₂ih₁ *sékʷth₂h₂ genitive *skʷth₂és *? *skʷth₂óHom ablative *skʷth₂és *? *skʷth₂mós dative *skʷth₂éy *? *skʷth₂mós locative *sékʷth₂, *sékʷth₂i *? *skʷth₂sú instrumental *skʷth₂éh₁ *? *skʷth₂mís	neuter consonant stem singular dual plural nominative *sáktʰ *sáktʰā́w *sáktʰ vocative *sáktʰ *sáktʰā́w *sáktʰ accusative *sáktʰ *sáktʰā́w *sáktʰ instrumental *sáktʰáH *sáktʰbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *sáktʰbʰíš ablative *sáktʰás *sáktʰbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *sáktʰbʰyáH dative *sáktʰáy *sáktʰbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *sáktʰbʰyáH genitive *sáktʰás *sáktʰáwš *sáktʰām locative *sáktʰí *sáktʰáwš *sáktʰsu	neuter n-stem singular dual plural nominative *sáktʰ *sáktʰíH *sáktʰā́ni vocative *sáktʰ *sáktʰíH *sáktʰā́ni accusative *sáktʰ *sáktʰíH *sáktʰā́ni instrumental *sáktʰnáH *sáktʰábʰyā(m) *sáktʰábʰiš ablative *sáktʰnás *sáktʰábʰyā(m) *sáktʰábʰyas dative *sáktʰnáy *sáktʰábʰyā(m) *sáktʰábʰyas genitive *sáktʰnás *sáktʰsáktʰáw *sáktʰnā́m locative *sáktʰán, -áni — *sáktʰášu

• Proto-Anatolian:
  • Hittite: [script needed] n (sa-ak-ut-ta-i /⁠sakut(t)a(i)-⁠/, nom.-acc.sg. or pl.)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: [Term?] n
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    • Vedic Sanskrit:

      Rig Vedic: सक्थि (sákthi), सक्थानि (sakthā́ni, nom.acc.pl.), सक्थ्या (sakthyā), सक्थ्यौ (sakthyau, nom.acc.du.)

  • Proto-Iranian:
    • Old Avestan: [script needed] f (haxtiiā̊, gen.du.)
      • Younger Avestan: [script needed] (haxti, nom.acc.du.)
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (huto)
    • Waxi: *yoyd (yoyut)
    • Kurdish: [Term?] (hêt)
    • Middle Persian: [script needed] (haxt)
    • Ossetian: [script needed] (aɣd)

*medʰu- (“honey”)

Proto-Indo-European: *médʰu n	Proto-Indo-Iranian	Proto-Indo-Aryan
Athematic, proterokinetic singular nominative *médʰu genitive *mdʰéws singular dual plural nominative *médʰu *médʰwih₁ *médʰuh₂ vocative *médʰu *médʰwih₁ *médʰuh₂ accusative *médʰu *médʰwih₁ *médʰuh₂ genitive *mdʰéws *? *mdʰéwoHom ablative *mdʰéws *? *mdʰúmos dative *mdʰéwey *? *mdʰúmos locative *mdʰéw, *mdʰéwi *? *mdʰúsu instrumental *mdʰúh₁ *? *mdʰúmis	neuter consonant stem singular dual plural nominative *mádʰu *mádʰu *mádʰu vocative *mádʰu *mádʰu *mádʰu accusative *mádʰu *mádʰu *mádʰu instrumental *mdʰáwáH *mdʰáwbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *mdʰáwbʰíš ablative *mdʰáwás *mdʰáwbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *mdʰáwbʰyáH dative *mdʰáwáy *mdʰáwbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *mdʰáwbʰyáH genitive *mdʰáwás *mdʰáwáwš *mdʰáwām locative *mdʰáwí *mdʰáwáwš *mdʰáwsu	neuter n-stem singular dual plural nominative *mádʰu *mádʰuíH *mádʰuā́ni vocative *mádʰu *mádʰuíH *mádʰuā́ni accusative *mádʰu *mádʰuíH *mádʰuā́ni instrumental *mádʰunáH *mádʰuábʰyā(m) *mádʰuábʰiš ablative *mádʰunás *mádʰuábʰyā(m) *mádʰuábʰyas dative *mádʰunáy *mádʰuábʰyā(m) *mádʰuábʰyas genitive *mádʰunás *mádʰusáktʰáw *mádʰunā́m locative *mádʰuán, -áni — *mádʰuášu

• Proto-Balto-Slavic: *medús (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Celtic: *medu (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Germanic: *meduz (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Hellenic: *métʰu
  • Ancient Greek: μέθυ (méthu)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mádʰu (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Tocharian: *ḿət(ə)
  • Tocharian B: mīt
  • → Middle Chinese: 蜜 (miɪt̚)
    • Japanese: 蜜
    • Mandarin: 蜜 (mì)
• → Proto-Uralic: *mete (see there for further descendants)

*teh₂lu- (“bony plate, forehead, palate”)

Proto-Indo-European: *téh₂lu n	Proto-Indo-Iranian	Proto-Indo-Aryan
Athematic, proterokinetic singular nominative *téh₂lu genitive *th₂léws singular dual plural nominative *téh₂lu *téh₂l̥wih₁ *téh₂luh₂ vocative *téh₂lu *téh₂l̥wih₁ *téh₂luh₂ accusative *téh₂lu *téh₂l̥wih₁ *téh₂luh₂ genitive *th₂léws *? *th₂léwoHom ablative *th₂léws *? *th₂lúmos dative *th₂léwey *? *th₂lúmos locative *th₂léw, *th₂léwi *? *th₂lúsu instrumental *th₂lúh₁ *? *th₂lúmis	neuter consonant stem singular dual plural nominative *táHlu *táHlu *táHlu vocative *táHlu *táHlu *táHlu accusative *táHlu *táHlu *táHlu instrumental *tHláwáH *tHláwbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *tHláwbʰíš ablative *tHláwás *tHláwbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *tHláwbʰyáH dative *tHláwáy *tHláwbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *tHláwbʰyáH genitive *tHláwás *tHláwáwš *tHláwām locative *tHláwí *tHláwáwš *tHláwsu	neuter n-stem singular dual plural nominative *táHlu *táHluíH *táHluā́ni vocative *táHlu *táHluíH *táHluā́ni accusative *táHlu *táHluíH *táHluā́ni instrumental *táHlunáH *táHluábʰyā(m) *táHluábʰiš ablative *táHlunás *táHluábʰyā(m) *táHluábʰyas dative *táHlunáy *táHluábʰyā(m) *táHluábʰyas genitive *táHlunás *táHlusáktʰáw *táHlunā́m locative *táHluán, -áni — *táHluášu

• Proto-Celtic: *talu (“forehead”)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *táHlu (“palate”)
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *táHlu
    • Sanskrit: तालु (tā́lu)

*yewHs- (“bone broth”)

Proto-Indo-European: *yéwHs n	Proto-Indo-Iranian	Proto-Italic
Athematic, amphikinetic singular nominative *yéwHs genitive *yuHsés singular dual plural nominative *yéwHs *yéwHsih₁ *yéwHsh₂ vocative *yéwHs *yéwHsih₁ *yéwHsh₂ accusative *yéwHs *yéwHsih₁ *yéwHsh₂ genitive *yuHsés *? *yuHsóHom ablative *yuHsés *? *yuHsmós dative *yuHséy *? *yuHsmós locative *yéwHs, *yéwHsi *? *yuHsú instrumental *yuHséh₁ *? *yuHsmís	neuter consonant stem singular dual plural nominative *yáwHs *yáwHs *yáwHs vocative *yáwHs *yáwHs *yáwHs accusative *yáwHs *yáwHs *yáwHs instrumental *yuHsáH *yuHsbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *yuHsbʰíš ablative *yuHsás *yuHsbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *yuHsbʰyáH dative *yuHsáy *yuHsbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m *yuHsbʰyáH genitive *yuHsás *yuHsáwš *yuHsām locative *yuHsí *yuHsáwš *yuHssu	consonant stemDeclension of *PIE neuter root nouns (consonant stem) case singular plural nominative *PIE neuter root nouns *jowsā vocative *PIE neuter root nouns *jowsā accusative *PIE neuter root nouns *jowsā genitive *jowses, jowsos *jowsom dative *jowsei *jowsβos ablative *jowsi? jowse? *jowsβos locative *jowsi? jowse? *jowsβos

• Proto-Italic: *jows
  • Latin: iūs n
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: [Term?] n
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    • Vedic Sanskrit:

      Rig Vedic: यूष्णस् (yūṣṇás, gen.sg.)

      Yajur Vedic: यूषन् (yūṣán, loc.sg.)

      ?: यूष्णा (yūṣṇā́, instr.sg.),