ajak

See also: Ajak and a jak

English

Alternative forms

• ajag, adjag

Etymology

ajak

From Indonesian ajak, from Malay ajak.

Noun

ajak (plural ajaks)

1. (Indonesia) The dhole (Cuon alpinus).
   • 1991, Bill Dalton, Indonesia Handbook, page 374:

     Indonesia where the ajak, the handsome, rufous, bushy-tailed wild dog (a subspecies of the Indian dhole) still thrives.

   • 2015, Eka Kurniawan, translated by Labodalih Sembiring, Man Tiger, Verso, page 7:

     They didn't want the hogs to die, because they would later throw them into battle with the ajaks, in a public spectacle at the end of the hunting season.

Greenlandic

Pronunciation

• (Nuuk) IPA^(key): /ajak/, [a.jək]

Noun

ajak (plural ajaat)

1. alternative form of aja

Declension

Declension of ajak

case	singular	plural
absolutive	ajak	ajaat
ergative	ajaap
allative	ajammut	ajannut
ablative	ajammit	ajannit
prolative	ajakkut	ajatsigut
locative	ajammi	ajanni
instrumental	ajammik	ajannik
equative	ajattut

References

• ajak in Katersat

Hungarian

Alternative forms

• ajk (archaic, literary)

Etymology

From the obsolete aj (“valley; opening”) +‎ -k (“diminutive suffix”), from Proto-Uralic *aŋe (“opening, incision, deepening”). Alternatively, possible cognate of Yakut айах (ayaq, “mouth”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɒjɒk]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ajak
• Rhymes: -ɒk

Noun

ajak (plural ajkak)

1. (anatomy) lip (either of the two fleshy protrusions around the opening of the mouth)
   • 1825, Mihály Vörösmarty, Zalán futása,^[1] canto 1, lines 5–6, translation by Watson Kirkconnell and Adam Makkai:

     Hol vagyon, aki merész ajakát hadi dalnak eresztvén, / A riadó vak mélységet fölverje szavával, […]

     Where is the one who, with lips all bold, could thunder a war-song / rousing the gloom of the deep and unsighty abysses, […]

2. (anatomy) labium (one of the two pairs of folds of skin either side of the vulva)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	ajak	ajkak
accusative	ajkat	ajkakat
dative	ajaknak	ajkaknak
instrumental	ajakkal	ajkakkal
causal-final	ajakért	ajkakért
translative	ajakká	ajkakká
terminative	ajakig	ajkakig
essive-formal	ajakként	ajkakként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	ajakban	ajkakban
superessive	ajkon	ajkakon
adessive	ajaknál	ajkaknál
illative	ajakba	ajkakba
sublative	ajakra	ajkakra
allative	ajakhoz	ajkakhoz
elative	ajakból	ajkakból
delative	ajakról	ajkakról
ablative	ajaktól	ajkaktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	ajaké	ajkaké
non-attributive possessive – plural	ajakéi	ajkakéi

Possessive forms of ajak

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	ajkam	ajkaim
2nd person sing.	ajkad	ajkaid
3rd person sing.	ajka	ajkai
1st person plural	ajkunk	ajkaink
2nd person plural	ajkatok	ajkaitok
3rd person plural	ajkuk	ajkaik

Derived terms

• ajakos
• ajkú

(Compound words):

• ajakbalzsam
• ajakír
• ajakrúzs

Further reading

• ajak in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
• ajak in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈad͡ʒaʔ/ [ˈa.d͡ʒaʔ]
• Rhymes: -ad͡ʒaʔ
• Syllabification: a‧jak

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay ajak, from Proto-Malayic *ajak, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *azak.

Verb

ajak (active mengajak, passive diajak)

1. to invite (ask for the presence or participation of someone)

Conjugation

Conjugation of ajak (meng-, transitive)

root	ajak
	active	passive		basic imperative	emphatic jussive
		reflective1	ordinary
	ordinary
nominative	mengajak	–	diajak	ajak	ajaklah
accusative / dative / locative	–	–	–	–	–
perfective causative / applicative2	–	–	–	–	–
	causative
nominative	–	–	–	–	–
accusative / dative / locative	–	–	–	–	–
perfective causative / applicative2	–	–	–	–	–

¹ There is another form of reflective passive verb with affixation of ke- -an which is not included in the table. This form is only attested in active voice without causative affixation of per-.
² The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning.
Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Derived terms

• ajakan (“invitation”)
• pengajak (“inviter”)
• terajak (“invited”)

Etymology 2

ajak

From Malay ajak.

Noun

ajak (plural ajak-ajak)

1. dhole (Cuon alpinus)

   Synonym: anjing ajak

Derived terms

• anjing ajak

Descendants

• → English: ajak

Etymology 3

From Minangkabau.

Adjective

ajak (comparative lebih ajak, superlative paling ajak)

1. (dialectal) synonym of mirip (“similar”)

Derived terms

• (dialectal) ajakkan (“to consider; to exemplify”)

Etymology 4

From Banjarese.

Adjective

ajak (comparative lebih ajak, superlative paling ajak)

1. (dialectal) synonym of kalah (“defeated”)

Etymology 5

Borrowed from Osing.

Verb

ajak

1. (dialectal) to be tamed

References

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*azak”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Further reading

• “ajak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Karaim

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *adak.

Noun

ajak

1. foot, leg

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “ajak”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Kott

Etymology

From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔaj(a)k (˜x-,-g).

Noun

ajak

1. thunder

Malay

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ad͡ʒaʔ/
• Rhymes: -ad͡ʒaʔ

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayic *ajak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *azak.

Noun

ajak (Jawi spelling اجق, plural ajak-ajak)

1. invitation

Verb

ajak (Jawi spelling اجق)

1. to invite (ask for the presence or participation of someone)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Noun

ajak (Jawi spelling اجق, plural ajak-ajak)

1. dhole

Descendants

• Indonesian: ajak
  • → English: ajak

References

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*azak”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Sundanese

Etymology

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *azak.

Verb

ajak (Sundanese script ᮃᮏᮊ᮪)

1. to invite (ask for the presence or participation of someone)

References

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*azak”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI