bánh

See also: banh, Bành, and Banh

Vietnamese

FWOTD – 3 January 2014

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔɓajŋ̟˧˦]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɓɛɲ˦˧˥]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [ʔɓan˦˥]

Etymology 1

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 餅 (“flour-based food”, SV: bính). Cognate with Muong pẻng.

A folk etymology claims that bánh is a corruption of French pain. [1]

Noun

(classifier chiếc, tấm, ổ) bánh • (𩛄 - 𥹘, 𬖪, 𤖶, 餅)

1. a broad, vaguely defined term, mostly used by collocation or intuition, for foods that come in a specific shape or solid (a flat piece, a block, a ball, a loaf, etc.) and that are often made from grain or legume flour or plain rice, by size often larger than and contrasted with what is known as kẹo (“candy”)
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:bánh.

   bánh kẹo ― sweets (literally, “bánh and candy”)

   Hôm nay ăn bánh thay cơm.

   Today let's eat dumplings/pastries/bread instead of rice.

   bà hàng bán bánh ― the lady selling dumplings/pastries

   bánh bao ― baozi

   nhân bánh ― dumpling/pastry filling

   bánh sinh nhật ― birthday cake

   bánh mì Pháp ― French bread (literally, "French wheat cake")

   bánh mì kẹp kem ― ice cream in Vietnamese baguette (literally, "ice cream sandwich")

2. (cooking) certain types of noodles in their raw forms

   bánh phở ― pho noodle(s)

3. a cake (a block of any of various dense materials)
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:bánh.

   bánh xà phòng (bánh xà bông) ― a cake of soap

Usage notes

• Not all noodles are called bánh: depending on the composition and production method, some noodles are considered bún, mì, miến, etc.
• Not all cakes are called bánh: those made of meat are considered chả (“patty”), e.g. chả cá (“fishcake”), chả lụa (“pork roll”), and chả trứng (“egg roll”).
• Bánh is used with various classifiers, depending on the general shape of the item. A loaf of bánh is classified as chiếc in northern Vietnam but ổ in southern Vietnam. [2] Tấm is used for wafers and the like.
• Bánh is usually used as a generic word to refer to certain solid foods shaped round, flat, or puffy (e.g.: Cái loại bánh đó gọi là gì nhỉ? À, pi-da.)

Derived terms

sweet, salty, or savory food made from flour or pressed grains

• bánh ba vua (“king cake”)
• bánh bá trạng
• bánh bác
• bánh bàng
• bánh bao
• bánh bao chi (“mochi”)
• bánh bao chỉ
• bánh bao ngọt (“mantou”)
• bánh bèo
• bánh bí đỏ (“pumpkin pie”)
• bánh bí ngô (“pumpkin pie”)
• bánh bía (Saigonese)
• bánh bích quy, bánh bích qui (“cookie”)
• bánh bò
• bánh bó
• bánh bỏng
• bánh bông lan (“sponge cake”)
• bánh bột lọc
• bánh cam (southern Vietnam)
• bánh canh
• bánh caramen, bánh ca-ra-men (“crème caramel”) (northern Vietnam)
• bánh cáy
• bánh cây (“Baumkuchen”)
• bánh cà rốt (“carrot cake”)
• bánh cá (“fish pie”)
• bánh căn
• bánh cấu
• bánh chả
• bánh chay
• bánh chập
• bánh chè
• bánh chẻo (“jiaozi”)
• bánh chuối
• bánh chưng
• bánh cốm
• bánh cống
• bánh cuốn
• bánh cưới (“wedding cake”)
• bánh da heo (southern Vietnam)
• bánh da lợn (northern Vietnam)
• bánh dẻo
• bánh dẻo lạnh (“snow skin mooncake”)
• bánh dẻo tuyết (“snow skin mooncake”)
• bánh dừa
• bánh đa
• bánh đa đỏ
• bánh đa cua
• bánh đa nem
• bánh đập
• bánh đậu
• bánh đậu xanh
• bánh đòn (dialectal)
• bánh đúc
• bánh flan (“crème caramel”) (southern Vietnam)
• bánh ga-tô (“cake, gateau”) (northern Vietnam)
• bánh gai
• bánh gạo (“rice cake”)
• bánh giá
• bánh giầy, bánh dầy, bánh dày
• bánh giấy
• bánh gio
• bánh giò
• bánh gối
• bánh hành tây (“onion cake”)
• bánh hoa hồng
• bánh hỏi
• bánh hòn tai
• bánh hơi
• bánh in
• bánh ít
• bánh ít lá gai
• bánh ít trần
• bánh kem
• bánh kẹo
• bánh kẹp (“waffle”)
• bánh kếp (“crêpe”)
• bánh khảo
• bánh khoai
• bánh khoai mì, bánh khoai mỳ
• bánh khoai môn
• bánh khoái
• bánh khọt
• bánh khô
• bánh khô mè
• bánh không men (“unleavened bread”)
• bánh khúc
• bánh khúc cây (“yule log”)
• bánh kiến

• bánh lá (dialectal)
• bánh lá dừa
• bánh lá mơ
• bánh lễ (“sacramental bread”)
• bánh lọt (“cendol”)
• bánh lột da
• bánh lương khô
• bánh màn thầu (“mantou”)
• bánh mảnh cộng
• bánh may mắn (“fortune cookie”)
• bánh mật
• bánh mì, bánh mỳ (“bread, baguette, sandwich”)
• bánh nẳng
• bánh nậm
• bánh nếp
• bánh ngọt (“sweet cake, gateau”)
• bánh nhãn
• bánh nướng
• bánh nướng chảo (“pancake”)
• bánh pho mát (“cheesecake”)
• bánh pho sĩ (“pandan cake”)
• bánh phồng
• bánh phồng tôm (“prawn cracker”)
• bánh phở (“pho rice noodles”)
• bánh phu thê
• bánh phục linh
• bánh pía
• bánh quai vạc
• bánh quẩy (“youtiao”)
• bánh quế (“waffle”)
• bánh quy (“cookie”)
• bánh quy giòn, bánh qui giòn (“cracker”)
• bánh rán (northern Vietnam)
• bánh răng bừa (dialectal)
• bánh rế
• bánh sâm panh (“ladyfinger”)
• bánh sinh nhật (“birthday cake”)
• bánh su kem (“profiterole, cream puff”)
• bánh sữa
• bánh sừng bò (“croissant”)
• bánh tai
• bánh tai heo
• bánh tai voi
• bánh táo Tatin (“tarte Tatin”)
• bánh tằm bì
• bánh tằm khoai mì, bánh tằm khoai mỳ
• bánh tày
• bánh tây
• bánh tẻ
• bánh tét
• bánh Thánh (“Communion wafer”)
• bánh thuẫn
• bánh tiêu
• bánh tổ
• bánh tôm
• bánh trái
• bánh tráng (“rice paper”)
• bánh tráng mè
• bánh tro
• bánh trôi
• bánh trôi nước
• bánh trung thu (“mooncake”)
• bánh trứng kiến
• bánh ú
• bánh ú tro
• bánh ướt
• bánh vạc
• bánh vẽ
• bánh vòng (“doughnut”)
• bánh vua (“king cake”)
• bánh xèo
• bánh xì liền cấu
• bánh xì lồng cấu
• bánh xốp
• bánh xuân
• bánh xuân thái
• da bánh mật
• lá bánh
• lò nướng bánh
• ổ bánh (dialectal)
• tiệm bánh (“bakery”)

block of any of various dense materials

• bánh muối (“block salt”)
• bánh pháo (“individual firecracker”)
• thuốc bánh

• Various traditional bánh foods
• 

  bánh bao

• 

  bánh bèo

• 

  bánh bò

• 

  bánh bột lộc

• 

  bánh canh

• 

  bánh chưng

• 

  bánh cuốn

• 

  bánh da lợn

• 

  bánh đa

• 

  bánh đậu xanh

• 

  bánh đúc

• 

  bánh gai

• 

  bánh giầy

• 

  bánh gối

• 

  bánh hỏi

• 

  bánh in

• 

  bánh kẹp

• 

  bánh khọt

• 

  bánh khúc

• 

  bánh lễ

• 

  bánh lọt

• 

  bánh mì

• 

  bánh pía

• 

  bánh phở

• 

  bánh rán

• 

  bánh tét

• 

  bánh tráng

• 

  bánh trung thu

• 

  bánh xèo

Etymology 2

Cognate with Muong bẻnh

Noun

(classifier chiếc) bánh • (𨋣 - 軿)

1. a wheel
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:bánh.

   xe bốn bánh ― four-wheeled vehicle

Derived terms

Derived terms

• bánh đà (“flywheel”)
• bánh đai
• bánh lái
• bánh răng (“gear wheel”)
• bánh vít
• bánh xe (“car wheel, cartwheel”)
• xe hai bánh (“motorcycle”)

 

Etymology 3

Romanization

bánh

1. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 鍠 (“weapon/trident/sound of drums/bells”)
2. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 碰/掽 (“collide/meet/offend”)
3. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 庳 (“low/short”)
4. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 䗒 (“clam”)
5. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 蟔 (“caterpillar”)
6. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 蓻
7. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 榵

References

• "bánh" in Hồ Ngọc Đức, Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details)
• Hà Quang Phùng (2012-09-06), “Tìm hiểu về ngữ pháp tiếng Mường (Thim hiếu wuê ngử pháp thiểng Mường) [Understanding Muong grammar]”, in (please provide the title of the work)‎^[3] (FlashPaper, in Vietnamese, Muong), Thanh Sơn–Phú Thọ Province Continuing Education Center, archived from the original on 17 December 2013, retrieved 23 December 2013