cheirar
Galician
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cheirar (“to smell”) (13th, Cantigas de Santa Maria) from Vulgar Latin or Late Latin flagrāre, by dissimilation from Latin fragrāre.
Cognate to Portuguese cheirar, Catalan and Occitan flairar, French flairer, English flair (through Old French flair), and Sicilian ciagurari.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]cheirar (first-person singular present cheiro, first-person singular preterite cheirei, past participle cheirado)
- (transitive) to smell (to perceive a smell with the nose)
- Cheiro a comida? ― Am I smelling food?
- (transitive) to sniff
- (intransitive) to smell (to have a particular smell) [with a ‘of/like’]
- Cheira a comida. ― It smells like food.
- Esta roupa cheira. A que cheira esta roupa? A fume?
- These clothes have a smell. What smell do these clothes have? Smoke?
- c. 1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F, page 625:
- Et teu yrmão Fernã Gonçaluez, cõna muy grã coyta que ouue, sey(nd)o do paaço fugindo et saltou en hũu curral que nõ era muy limpo; et, quando el et seus panos ende seyrõ nõ cheyrauã a musgo
- And your brother Fernán González, with the great trouble he had, getting out of the palace and fleeing he jumped into a corral that was not very clean; and, when he finally got out of it, his clothes didn't smell of musk
- (intransitive) to stink, to smell
- Cheiras. ― You stink.
- (intransitive, figurative) to tire, bore, annoy
- As visitas e o pescado, ós dous días cheiran. (proverb) ― Visitors and fish, both "stink" the second day.
- (figurative) to sniff around, snoop
- Que andas a cheirar no meu cuarto? ― What are you doing in my room?
Conjugation
[edit]1Less recommended.
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “cheirar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “cheir”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “cheirar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “cheirar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “cheirar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “cheirar”, in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (in Galician), 2014–2025
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “cheirar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Old Galician-Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Vulgar Latin or Late Latin flagrāre, by dissimilation from Latin fragrāre.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]cheirar
- (transitive) to smell (to perceive a smell with the nose)
- (intransitive) to stink, to smell
Conjugation
[edit]| infinitive | cheirar | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | simple | cheirando | |||||||
| compound | gerund of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| past participle | singular | plural | |||||||
| masculine | cheirado | cheirados | |||||||
| feminine | cheirada | cheiradas | |||||||
| present participle | cheirante | cheirantes | |||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative mood | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
| simple tenses |
present | cheiro | cheiras | cheira | cheiramos | cheirades, cheiraes, cheirais, cheiraas, cheirás | cheiran | ||
| imperfect | cheirava | cheiravas | cheirava | cheiravamos, cheirávamos | cheiravades, cheirávades, cheirávaes, cheirávais, cheirávees, cheiráveis | cheiravan | |||
| preterite | cheirei | cheiraste, cheirasche, cheirache | cheirou | cheiramos | cheirastes | cheiraron | |||
| pluperfect | cheirara | cheiraras | cheirara | cheiraramos, cheiráramos | cheirarades, cheirárades, cheiráraes, cheirárais, cheirárees, cheiráreis | cheiraran | |||
| future | cheirarei | cheirarás | cheirará | cheiraremos | cheiraredes, cheirarees, cheirareis, cheirarês | cheirarán | |||
| conditional | cheiraria | cheirarias | cheiraria | cheirariamos, cheiraríamos | cheirariades, cheiraríades, cheiraríaes, cheiraríais, cheiraríees, cheiraríeis | cheirarian | |||
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | |||||||
| pluperfect | imperfect of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| past anterior | preterite of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| pluperfect anterior | simple pluperfect of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| future perfect | future of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| subjunctive mood | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
| simple tenses |
present | cheire | cheires | cheire | cheiremos | cheiredes, cheirees, cheireis, cheirês | cheiren | ||
| imperfect | cheirasse | cheirasses | cheirasse | cheirassemos, cheirássemos | cheirassedes, cheirássedes, cheirássees, cheirásseis | cheirassen | |||
| future | cheirar | cheirares | cheirar | cheirarmos | cheirardes | cheiraren | |||
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | |||||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| future perfect | future subjunctive of haver or tẽer1 + past participle | ||||||||
| imperative mood | — | tu | — | nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
— | |||
| affirmative | — | cheira | — | cheiremos | cheirade, cheirae, cheirai | — | |||
| negative | — | non cheires | — | non cheiremos | non cheiredes, non cheirees, non cheireis, non cheirês | — | |||
| personal infinitive | eu ei |
tu | el~ele ela |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
| cheirar | cheirares | cheirar | cheirarmos | cheirardes | cheiraren | ||||
| 1 teer and “ter were also used, although all three were less common than haver. | |||||||||
Descendants
[edit]- Extremaduran: cheral
- Fala: cheiral, chiral
- Galician: cheirar
- Portuguese: cheirar (see there for further descendants)
Further reading
[edit]Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cheirar (“to smell”), from Vulgar Latin, Late Latin flagrāre, by dissimilation from Latin fragrāre.
Cognate to Galician cheirar, Extremaduran cheral, Catalan and Occitan flairar, Sicilian ciagurari, French flairer, and English flair (through Old French flair).
Pronunciation
[edit]
Verb
[edit]cheirar (first-person singular present cheiro, first-person singular preterite cheirei, past participle cheirado)
- (transitive) to smell (to perceive a smell with the nose)
- Eu não consigo cheirar nada.
- I can't smell anything.
- (intransitive) to smell (to have a particular smell) [with a ‘of/like’]
- Esse perfume cheira a chocolate.
- That perfume smells like chocolate.
- (informal) to snoop, pry (to inquire into something that does not concern one)
- O que é que andas para aí a cheirar?
- What are you snooping there?
- (colloquial, transitive, intransitive) to snort (to insufflate cocaine)
Conjugation
[edit]1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Synonyms
[edit]- (to have the smell of): exalar, odorar
- (to have a strong bad smell): feder, tresandar
- (to insufflate cocaine): snifar
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “cheirar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
- “cheirar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Galician terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Galician terms inherited from Late Latin
- Galician terms derived from Late Latin
- Galician terms inherited from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician lemmas
- Galician verbs
- Galician verbs ending in -ar
- Galician transitive verbs
- Galician terms with usage examples
- Galician intransitive verbs
- Galician terms with quotations
- gl:Smell
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰreHg-
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms inherited from Late Latin
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms derived from Late Latin
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Old Galician-Portuguese/aɾ
- Rhymes:Old Galician-Portuguese/aɾ/2 syllables
- Old Galician-Portuguese lemmas
- Old Galician-Portuguese verbs
- Old Galician-Portuguese transitive verbs
- Old Galician-Portuguese intransitive verbs
- Old Galician-Portuguese verbs ending in -ar
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰreHg-
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Portuguese terms inherited from Late Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Late Latin
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with audio pronunciation
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese verbs
- Portuguese verbs ending in -ar
- Portuguese transitive verbs
- Portuguese terms with usage examples
- Portuguese intransitive verbs
- Portuguese informal terms
- Portuguese colloquialisms