golpear

Galician

Etymology

Attested since 1370, displacing Old Galician-Portuguese colpar. From golpe +‎ -ear.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɡolpeˈaɾ]

Verb

golpear (first-person singular present golpeo, first-person singular preterite golpeei, past participle golpeado)
golpear (first-person singular present golpeio, first-person singular preterite golpeei, past participle golpeado, reintegrationist norm)

to hit, strike; to pound; to beat
Synonyms: bater, pegar, petar, zoscar
- 1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 588:
  Mais el rrey Aias ficou del tã malchagado que nõ auía en el costado são, nẽ espinaço, nẽ mão, nẽ pe, nẽ braço, nẽ cabeça, nẽ peyto, ca des[que] ome naçeu, nũca assý fuj õme desfeyto, nẽ golpeado
  But King Ajax was so badly wounded that he had no sound side, nor spine, nor hand, nor foot, nor arm, nor head, nor breast, because since Man had born never a man was so destroyed or beaten up

Conjugation

Conjugation of golpear

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	golpear
Personal	golpear	golpeares	golpear	golpearmos	golpeardes	golpearen
Gerund
	golpeando
Past participle
Masculine	golpeado			golpeados
Feminine	golpeada			golpeadas
Indicative
Present	golpeo	golpeas	golpea	golpeamos	golpeades	golpean
Imperfect	golpeaba	golpeabas	golpeaba	golpeabamos	golpeabades	golpeaban
Preterite	golpeei	golpeaches	golpeou	golpeamos	golpeastes	golpearon
Pluperfect	golpeara	golpearas	golpeara	golpearamos	golpearades	golpearan
Future	golpearei	golpearás	golpeará	golpearemos	golpearedes	golpearán
Conditional	golpearía	golpearías	golpearía	golpeariamos	golpeariades	golpearían
Subjunctive
Present	golpee	golpees	golpee	golpeemos	golpeedes	golpeen
Imperfect	golpease	golpeases	golpease	golpeásemos	golpeásedes	golpeasen
Future	golpear	golpeares	golpear	golpearmos	golpeardes	golpearen
Imperative
Affirmative		golpea	golpee	golpeemos	golpeade	golpeen
Negative (non)		non golpees	non golpee	non golpeemos	non golpeedes	non golpeen

Reintegrated conjugation of golpear (e may become ei when stressed) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	golpear
Personal	golpear	golpeares	golpear	golpearmos	golpeardes	golpearem
Gerund
	golpeando
Past participle
Masculine	golpeado			golpeados
Feminine	golpeada			golpeadas
Indicative
Present	golpeio, golpeo¹	golpeias, golpeas¹	golpeia, golpea¹	golpeamos	golpeades, golpeais	golpeiam, golpeam¹
Imperfect	golpeava	golpeavas	golpeava	golpeávamos	golpeávades, golpeáveis, golpeávais¹	golpeavam
Preterite	golpeei	golpeaste, golpeache¹	golpeou	golpeamos	golpeastes	golpeárom, golpearam
Pluperfect	golpeara	golpearas	golpeara	golpeáramos	golpeárades, golpeáreis, golpeárais¹	golpearam
Future	golpearei	golpearás	golpeará	golpearemos	golpearedes, golpeareis	golpearám, golpearão
Conditional	golpearia	golpearias	golpearia	golpearíamos	golpearíades, golpearíeis, golpearíais¹	golpeariam
Subjunctive
Present	golpeie, golpee¹	golpeies, golpees¹	golpeie, golpee¹	golpeemos	golpeedes, golpeeis	golpeiem, golpeem¹
Imperfect	golpeasse	golpeasses	golpeasse	golpeássemos	golpeássedes, golpeásseis	golpeassem
Future	golpear	golpeares	golpear	golpearmos	golpeardes	golpearem
Imperative
Affirmative		golpeia, golpea¹	golpeie, golpee¹	golpeemos	golpeade, golpeai	golpeiem, golpeem¹
Negative (nom)		nom golpeies, nom golpees¹	nom golpeie, nom golpee¹	nom golpeemos	nom golpeedes, nom golpeeis	nom golpeiem, nom golpeem¹

¹Less recommended.

References

Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “golpear”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “golpear”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “golpear”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
“golpear”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “golpear”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
“golpear”, in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (in Galician), 2014–2026
Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “golpear”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Portuguese golpe

Proto-Indo-European *-id-

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti

Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō

Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.

Late Latin -izāre

Old Galician-Portuguese -ear

Portuguese -ear

Portuguese golpear

From golpe + -ear.

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡow.piˈa(ʁ)/ [ɡoʊ̯.piˈa(h)], (faster) /ɡowˈpja(ʁ)/ [ɡoʊ̯ˈpja(h)], /ɡow.peˈa(ʁ)/ [ɡoʊ̯.peˈa(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ɡow.piˈa(ɾ)/ [ɡoʊ̯.piˈa(ɾ)], (faster) /ɡowˈpja(ɾ)/ [ɡoʊ̯ˈpja(ɾ)], /ɡow.peˈa(ɾ)/ [ɡoʊ̯.peˈa(ɾ)]
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ɡow.piˈa(ʁ)/ [ɡoʊ̯.piˈa(χ)], (faster) /ɡowˈpja(ʁ)/ [ɡoʊ̯ˈpja(χ)], /ɡow.peˈa(ʁ)/ [ɡoʊ̯.peˈa(χ)]
- (Caipira) IPA^(key): /ɡow.piˈa(ɻ)/ [ɡoʊ̯.piˈa(ɻ)], (faster) /ɡowˈpja(ɻ)/ [ɡoʊ̯ˈpja(ɻ)], /ɡow.peˈa(ɻ)/ [ɡoʊ̯.peˈa(ɻ)]

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡolˈpjaɾ/ [ɡoɫˈpjaɾ], /ɡɔlˈpjaɾ/ [ɡɔɫˈpjaɾ]
- (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡolˈpja.ɾi/ [ɡoɫˈpja.ɾi], /ɡɔlˈpja.ɾi/ [ɡɔɫˈpja.ɾi]

Hyphenation: gol‧pe‧ar

Verb

golpear (first-person singular present golpeio, first-person singular preterite golpeei, past participle golpeado)

(transitive) to hit, strike (to give a blow)
Synonym: bater
(transitive) to hurt
Synonym: ferir
(transitive, figuratively) to distress
Synonym: angustiar

Conjugation

Conjugation of golpear (e becomes ei when stressed) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	golpear
Personal	golpear	golpeares	golpear	golpearmos	golpeardes	golpearem
Gerund
	golpeando
Past participle
Masculine	golpeado			golpeados
Feminine	golpeada			golpeadas
Indicative
Present	golpeio	golpeias	golpeia	golpeamos	golpeais	golpeiam
Imperfect	golpeava	golpeavas	golpeava	golpeávamos	golpeáveis	golpeavam
Preterite	golpeei	golpeaste	golpeou	golpeamos¹, golpeámos²	golpeastes	golpearam
Pluperfect	golpeara	golpearas	golpeara	golpeáramos	golpeáreis	golpearam
Future	golpearei	golpearás	golpeará	golpearemos	golpeareis	golpearão
Conditional	golpearia	golpearias	golpearia	golpearíamos	golpearíeis	golpeariam
Subjunctive
Present	golpeie	golpeies	golpeie	golpeemos	golpeeis	golpeiem
Imperfect	golpeasse	golpeasses	golpeasse	golpeássemos	golpeásseis	golpeassem
Future	golpear	golpeares	golpear	golpearmos	golpeardes	golpearem
Imperative
Affirmative		golpeia	golpeie	golpeemos	golpeai	golpeiem
Negative (não)		não golpeies	não golpeie	não golpeemos	não golpeeis	não golpeiem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Spanish golpe

Proto-Indo-European *-id-

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti

Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō

Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)bor.

Latin -izō

Latin -izāre

Spanish -ear

Spanish golpear

From golpe + -ear.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡolpeˈaɾ/ [ɡol.peˈaɾ]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -aɾ
Syllabification: gol‧pe‧ar

Verb

golpear (first-person singular present golpeo, first-person singular preterite golpeé, past participle golpeado)

to hit, to knock, to tap

Conjugation

Conjugation of golpear (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

		singular			plural
infinitive			golpear
gerund			golpeando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		golpeado		golpeada
		plural		golpeados		golpeadas
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	golpeo	golpeas^{^tú} golpeás^{^vos}	golpea	golpeamos	golpeáis	golpean
	imperfect	golpeaba	golpeabas	golpeaba	golpeábamos	golpeabais	golpeaban
	preterite	golpeé	golpeaste	golpeó	golpeamos	golpeasteis	golpearon
	future	golpearé	golpearás	golpeará	golpearemos	golpearéis	golpearán
	conditional	golpearía	golpearías	golpearía	golpearíamos	golpearíais	golpearían

subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	golpee	golpees^{^tú} golpeés^{^vos²}	golpee	golpeemos	golpeéis	golpeen
	imperfect (ra)	golpeara	golpearas	golpeara	golpeáramos	golpearais	golpearan
	imperfect (se)	golpease	golpeases	golpease	golpeásemos	golpeaseis	golpeasen
	future¹	golpeare	golpeares	golpeare	golpeáremos	golpeareis	golpearen

imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		golpea^{^tú} golpeá^{^vos}	golpee	golpeemos	golpead	golpeen
	negative		no golpees	no golpee	no golpeemos	no golpeéis	no golpeen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

Selected combined forms of golpear

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive golpear	dative	golpearme	golpearte	golpearle, golpearse	golpearnos	golpearos	golpearles, golpearse
with infinitive golpear	accusative	golpearme	golpearte	golpearlo, golpearla, golpearse	golpearnos	golpearos	golpearlos, golpearlas, golpearse

with gerund golpeando	dative	golpeándome	golpeándote	golpeándole, golpeándose	golpeándonos	golpeándoos	golpeándoles, golpeándose
with gerund golpeando	accusative	golpeándome	golpeándote	golpeándolo, golpeándola, golpeándose	golpeándonos	golpeándoos	golpeándolos, golpeándolas, golpeándose

with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative golpea	dative	golpéame	golpéate	golpéale	golpéanos	not used	golpéales
	accusative	golpéame	golpéate	golpéalo, golpéala	golpéanos	not used	golpéalos, golpéalas

with informal second-person singular voseo imperative golpeá	dative	golpeame	golpeate	golpeale	golpeanos	not used	golpeales
	accusative	golpeame	golpeate	golpealo, golpeala	golpeanos	not used	golpealos, golpealas

with formal second-person singular imperative golpee	dative	golpéeme	not used	golpéele, golpéese	golpéenos	not used	golpéeles
with formal second-person singular imperative golpee	accusative	golpéeme	not used	golpéelo, golpéela, golpéese	golpéenos	not used	golpéelos, golpéelas

with first-person plural imperative golpeemos	dative	not used	golpeémoste	golpeémosle	golpeémonos	golpeémoos	golpeémosles
with first-person plural imperative golpeemos	accusative	not used	golpeémoste	golpeémoslo, golpeémosla	golpeémonos	golpeémoos	golpeémoslos, golpeémoslas

with informal second-person plural imperative golpead	dative	golpeadme	not used	golpeadle	golpeadnos	golpeaos	golpeadles
with informal second-person plural imperative golpead	accusative	golpeadme	not used	golpeadlo, golpeadla	golpeadnos	golpeaos	golpeadlos, golpeadlas

with formal second-person plural imperative golpeen	dative	golpéenme	not used	golpéenle	golpéennos	not used	golpéenles, golpéense
with formal second-person plural imperative golpeen	accusative	golpéenme	not used	golpéenlo, golpéenla	golpéennos	not used	golpéenlos, golpéenlas, golpéense

golpear

Galician

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

References

Portuguese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Further reading

Spanish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Further reading