gull

See also: Gull

English

A gull

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡʌl/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʌl

Etymology 1

From Middle English gulle, from Brythonic, from Proto-Celtic *wēlannā (“seagull”). Cognate with Cornish guilan, Welsh gwylan, Breton gouelan, Old Irish faílenn.

Noun

gull (plural gulls)

1. A seabird of the genus Larus or of the family Laridae.
2. Any of various pierid butterflies of the genus .

Synonyms

• (seabird): mew, seamew, seagull

Derived terms

• herring gull
• lesser black-backed gull

Translations

seabird

• Afrikaans: meeu, seemeeu
• Albanian: pulëbardha
• Arabic: نَوْرَس m (nawras)

  Egyptian Arabic: نورس m (nōras)

  Hijazi Arabic: نَوْرَس m (nawras)

• Armenian: ճայ (hy) (čay), որոր (hy) (oror)
• Azerbaijani: qağayı (az)
• Basque: kaio, antxeta
• Belarusian: ча́йка f (čájka)
• Breton: gouelan (br)
• Bulgarian: ча́йка (bg) f (čájka)
• Catalan: gavina (ca), gavià
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 海鷗／海鸥 (zh) (hǎi'ōu), 海鸥 (zh) (hǎi'óu)

• Chukchi: йъаяӄ (jʺajaq)
• Cornish: goolan f
• Czech: racek (cs)
• Danish: måge (da)
• Dutch: meeuw (nl) f
• Esperanto: mevo (eo), laro
• Estonian: kajakas (et)
• Faroese: mási, máur m, mávur m
• Finnish: lokki (fi)
• French: goéland (fr) m, mauve (fr) f, mouette (fr) f
• Friulian: cocâl, smurgnic
• Galician: gaivota papoia f
• Georgian: თოლია (tolia)
• German: Möwe (de) f
• Greek: γλάρος (el) m (gláros)

  Ancient: λάρος m (láros)

• Greenlandic: naaja
• Hebrew: שחף (he) m (shákhaf)
• Hungarian: sirály (hu)
• Icelandic: máfur (is) m
• Irish: faoileán
• Italian: gabbiano (it) m
• Japanese: 鴎 (ja) (かもめ, kamome), カモメ (ja) (kamome)
• Korean: 갈매기 (ko) (galmaegi)
• Ladin: gabian
• Latin: larus m, mergus m
• Latvian: kaija f
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Lithuanian: kiras (lt), mevas
• Low German: Mööv f, Meuv f, Meev f, (Lower Saxony) Meiw’ f, (Lower Saxony) Mööw’ f
• Luxembourgish: Méiw f
• Macedonian: галеб m (galeb)
• Maltese: gawwija
• Manx: foillan f
• Middle English: gulle
• Navajo: tónteel tsídii
• Norman: maoue f (Guernsey), mâove f (France), mauve f (Jersey)
• Northern Sami: báiski
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: måke (no) m or f, måse m

  Nynorsk: måke m or f, måse m

• Occitan: gavian (oc)
• Ojibwe: gayaashk
• Old English: mǣw m
• Ottawa: gyaashk
• Persian: مرغ دریایی (morğ-e daryâyi), دبراذ (dobrâz)
• Polish: mewa (pl) f
• Portuguese: gaivota (pt) f
• Romani: chayka f, chirikli-mariaki f
• Romanian: pescăruș (ro) m
• Romansch: muetta
• Russian: ча́йка (ru) f (čájka)
• Sardinian: cau marinu, laru, gavina
• Scottish Gaelic: faoileag
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: галеб m

  Roman: galeb (sh) m

• Slovak: čajka (sk) f
• Slovene: galeb (sl) m
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: rybnica f

  Upper Sorbian: tonuška f

• Spanish: gaviota (es) f
• Swedish: mås (sv) c, trut (sv) c
• Turkish: martı (tr)
• Ukrainian: ча́йка f (čájka), ма́ртин m (mártyn)
• Volapük: mev (vo)
• Welsh: gwylan (cy)
• West Frisian: seefûgel, meau f

Etymology 2

Perhaps from an obsolete term gull (“swallow”).

Noun

gull (plural gulls)

1. (slang) A cheating trick; a fraud.
   • 1599, William Shakespeare, Much Ado About Nothing, Act 2 Scene 3

     BENEDICK. [Aside] I should think this a gull, but that the white-bearded fellow speaks it: knavery cannot, sure, hide itself in such reverence.

2. One easily cheated; a dupe.
3. (obsolete, Oxford University slang) A swindler or trickster.
   • 1825, Bernard Blackmantle, The English Spy:

     You'll excuse me, sir, but as you are fresh, take care to avoid the gulls; they fly about here in large flocks, I assure you, and do no little mischief at times." "I never understood that gulls were birds of prey," said I.—"Only in Oxford, sir; and here, I assure you, they bite like hawks, and pick many a poor young gentleman as bare before his three years are expired, as the crows would a dead sheep upon a common. […] "

Synonyms

• (dupe): See also Thesaurus:dupe
• (swindler): See also Thesaurus:fraudster

Verb

gull (third-person singular simple present gulls, present participle gulling, simple past and past participle gulled)

1. To deceive or cheat.
   • (Can we date this quote by Dryden and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)

     The vulgar, gulled into rebellion, armed.

   • (Can we date this quote by Coleridge and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)

     I'm not gulling him for the emperor's service.

   • 1819, John Keats, Otho the Great, Act IV, Scene I, verse 162-165

     […] speak your curses out

     Against me, who would sooner crush and grind

     A brace of toads, than league with them to oppress

     An innocent lady, gull an Emperor […]

   • 1986, John le Carré, A Perfect Spy:

     She has done these things before and remembers now that she is good at them, often steadier than the men. In Berlin when Jack needed a spare girl Mary had kept watch, gulled room keys out of concierges, replaced stolen documents in dangerous desks, driven scared Joes to safe flats.

2. (US, slang) To mislead.
3. (US, slang) To trick and defraud.

Synonyms

• (to deceive): See also Thesaurus:deceive

Derived terms

• gullible
• gullibility

Translations

to deceive or cheat

• Bulgarian: измамвам (bg) (izmamvam)
• Romanian: păcăli (ro), înșela (ro)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Russian: обма́нывать (ru) n (obmányvatʹ)

Further reading

• Template:projectlink
• Larus on Wikispecies.Wikispecies

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Faroese

Chemical element
Au
Previous: hvítagull, platin (Pt)
Next: kyksilvur, kviksilvur (Hg)

Etymology

(deprecated template usage) From Old Norse gull, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʊtl/

Noun

gull n (genitive singular guls, uncountable)

1. gold
2. (in proverbs) richness, money, livestock
3. gold medal, first place (sports, etc.)

Declension

n9s	Singular
	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	gull	gullið
Accusative	gull	gullið
Dative	gulli	gullinum
Genitive	guls	gulsins

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Icelandic

Etymology

(deprecated template usage) From Old Norse gull (“gold”), from Proto-Germanic *gulþą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʏtl/
• Rhymes: -ʏtl

Noun

gull n (genitive singular gulls, nominative plural gull)

1. (uncountable) gold
2. (countable) a cherished thing
3. (countable) a gold medal or prize
4. indefinite accusative singular of gull
5. indefinite nominative plural of gull
6. indefinite accusative plural of gull

Declension

declension of gull

n-s	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	gull	gullið	gull	gullin
accusative	gull	gullið	gull	gullin
dative	gulli	gullinu	gullum	gullunum
genitive	gulls	gullsins	gulla	gullanna

Derived terms

• ekki er allt gull sem glóir
• glópagull
• gull af manni
• morgunstund gefur gull í mund

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

(deprecated template usage) From Old Norse gull, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡʉlː/

Noun

gull n (definite singular gullet, uncountable)

1. gold

Derived terms

Terms derived from gull

• bladgull
• det er ikke gull alt som glimrer
• gullalder
• gullbarre
• gullbeslått

• gullende
• gullfisk
• gullgraver
• gullgraving
• gullgruve

• gullhår
• gulljubileum
• gullmedalje
• gullrush
• gyllen

Related terms

• forgylle, forgylt

References

• “gull” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

(deprecated template usage) From Old Norse gull and goll, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą. Akin to English gold.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡʉlː/

Noun

gull n (definite singular gullet, uncountable)

1. gold

Derived terms

Terms derived from gull

• bladgull
• gullalder
• gullande
• gullbarre

• gullbeslått
• gullfisk
• gullgraving

• gullgruve
• gullmedalje
• gullrush

References

• “gull” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Old Norse

FWOTD – 11 February 2014

Alternative forms

• goll

Etymology

(deprecated template usage) From Proto-Germanic *gulþą (“gold”). Cognate with Old English gold, Old Frisian gold, Old Saxon gold, Old Dutch golt, Old High German gold, Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌻𐌸 (gulþ). See also Finnish kulta. Ultimately from Pre-Germanic *ǵʰl̥tóm (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow; gleam; to shine”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡulː/

Noun

gull n (genitive gulls, plural gull)

1. (uncountable, singular only) gold
   • Laurentius saga 65, in 1858, Jón_Sigurðsson, Guðbrandur_Vigfússon, Biskupa sögur, Volume I. Copenhagen, page 877:

     Vér viljum ok gefa þér gull vort, […]

     We also want to give you our gold, […]

2. (countable) a jewel, thing of value, especially a finger-ring
   • Stjórn 78, in 1862, C. R. Unger, Stjórn: gammelnorsk Bibelhistorie: fra Verdens Skabelse til det babyloniske Fangenskab. Christiania, page 254:

     Enn þegar sem hon bar þetta gull, […]

     But when she wore that ring, […]

Declension

  Declension of gull (strong a-stem)

neuter	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	gull	gullit	gull	gullin
accusative	gull	gullit	gull	gullin
dative	gulli	gullinu	gullum	gullunum
genitive	gulls	gullsins	gulla	gullanna

Derived terms

Terms derived from gull

• fingrgull (“finger-ring”)
• gullaldr (“golden age”)
• gullari (“banner of Charlemagne”)
• gullauðigr (“rich in gold”)
• gullauðr (“wealth in gold”)
• gullband (“golden headband”)
• gullbaugr (“gold ring”)
• gullberg (“goldmine”)
• gullbitlaðr (“gold-bitted”)
• gullbitull (“a bit of gold”)
• gullbjartr (“bright as gold”)
• gullborði (“gold lace”)
• gullbóka (“to embroider with gold”)
• gullbóla (“gold bull”)
• gullbrynja (“gold coat of mail”)
• gullbúinn (“ornamented with gold”)
• gullbǫllr (“golden ball”)
• gulldálkr (“golden pin”)
• gulldropi (“drops of gold”)
• gullepli (“golden apple”)
• gullfalligr (“charming”)
• gullfágaðr (“stained with gold”)
• gullfestr (“gold chain”)
• gullfjallaðr (“embroidered with gold”)
• gullgóðr (“of pure gold”)
• gullgǫrð (“golden girth”)
• gullgǫrr (“made of gold”)
• gullhagr (“skilled in making gold”)
• gullhálsar (“gold-necks”)
• gullhárr (“golden-haired”)
• gullheimr (“golden age”)
• gullhella (“bar of gold”)
• gullhirzla (“gold treasury”)
• gullhjalt (“golden hilt”)
• gullhjálmr (“golden helmet”)
• gullhlað (“golden lace”)
• gullhlaðinn (“laced with gold”)
• gullhringr (“gold ring”)
• gullhús (“treasure house”)
• gullhyrndr (“golden-horned”)
• gullinhjalti (“golden hilt”)
• gullinkambi (“gold comb”)
• gullinn (“golden”)
• gullinstóla (“with throne of gold”)
• Gullintanni (“Heimdall”)
• gullintoppa (“gold-tuft”)
• gullkalekr, gullkalikr (“golden chalice”)
• gullkambr (“golden comb”)
• gullkálfr (“golden calf”)
• gullker (“golden vessel”)
• gullkista (“golden chest”)
• gullknappr (“gold button”)
• gullknappaðr (“gold-buttoned”)
• gullknútr (“gold knot”)
• gullknǫttr (“gold ball”)
• gullkóróna (“gold crown”)

• gullkranz (“golden garland”)
• gullkross (“golden cross”)
• gulllað (“golden lace”)
• gullleggja (“to lace with gold”)
• gullligr (“golden”)
• gullmál (“ornaments of gold”)
• gullmálmr (“gold ore”)
• gullmen (“golden necklace”)
• gullmerktr, gullmerkaðr (“marked with gold”)
• gullmunnr, gullmuðr (“Chrysostom”)
• gullnagli (“gold nail”)
• gullnisti (“locket of gold”)
• gullofinn (“gold-woven”)
• gullormr (“golden serpent”)
• gullpenningr (“gold penny”)
• gullrekendi (“gold chain”)
• gullrekinn (“inlaid with gold”)
• gullritinn (“written with gold”)
• gullroðinn (“gilt”)
• gullsandr (“golden sand”)
• gullsaumaðr (“embroidered with gold”)
• gullsettr (“laid with gold”)
• gullskál (“gold basin”)
• gullskillingr (“gold shilling”)
• gullskotinn (“woven with gold”)
• gullskrift (“golden tablet”)
• gullskrín (“gold shrine”)
• gullslitr (“gold colour”)
• gullsmeittr, gullsmeltr (“gold-enamelled”)
• gullsmiðr (“goldsmith”)
• gullsmíð (“goldsmithery”)
• gullsmíðligr (“of goldsmithery”)
• gullspánn (“gold ornament of ships”)
• gullspori (“gold spur”)
• gullsproti (“golden scepter”)
• gullspuni (“gold spinning”)
• gullspǫng (“gold sprangle”)
• gullstafaðr (“gold-striped”)
• gullstafr (“gold letter”)
• gullstaup (“gold stoup”)
• gullsteindr (“gold-stained”)
• gullstóll (“gold chain”)
• gullstúka (“gold sleeve”)
• gullstǫng (“bar of gold”)
• gullsylgja (“golden brooch”)
• gulltafla (“gold piece used in playing”)
• gullteinn (“gold pole”)
• gulltoppr (“name of a horse”)
• gullvafiðr (“wounded with gold”)
• Gullvarta (“Golden Gate in Constantinople”)
• gullveggr (“golden wall”)
• gullviðjur (“gold withies”)
• gullvippaðr (“wrapped in gold”)
• gullvægr (“precious”)
• gullvǫndr (“gold thread”)
• gullþráðr (“gold wand”)

Descendants

• Danish: guld n
• Faroese: gull n
• Icelandic: gull n

• Norwegian Bokmål: gull n
• Norwegian Nynorsk: gull n
• Swedish: guld n, gull n

References

• “gull”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• gull in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, R. Cleasby and G. Vigfússon, Clarendon Press, 1874, at Internet Archive.
• gull in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

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Swedish

Alternative forms

• guld (modern form)

Etymology

(deprecated template usage) From Old Norse gull, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą.

Noun

gull n

1. (poetic, archaic) gold

   Har du silver har du gull, / har du kistorna full?

   Do you have silver and gold, / are your treasure chests full? (song lyrics)

   Wilt thw wara tik sielffuir hull, / tw älska friiheet meer än gull (Old Swedish, poem by bishop Tomas, 1439)

   Vill du vara dig själver huld, / du älska frihet mer än guld (translated to standard Swedish)

   If you want to help yourself, you should love freedom more than gold

2. (colloquial) baby, darling, someone dear and cute (gullig), someone to cuddle (gulla med)

   mina små gull

   my little darlings

   Kom nu gullet, det är finfint väder ute

   Come on baby, it's a perfect sunny day

Usage notes

• The form gull is archaic or poetic outside compound words and fixed expressions, where it has taken the sense of beloved or favorable as in gullgosse (“golden boy”), gullegris (“darling, pet”), gullunge (“beloved child”), etc.

Declension

Declension of gull
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	gull	gullet	gull	gullen
Genitive	gulls	gullets	gulls	gullens

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Westrobothnian

Etymology

(deprecated template usage) From , goll, from .

Noun

1. gold