laskma

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Estonian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *laskëdak, from Proto-Uralic *laćke-/*laśke-. Cognates include Finnish laskea, Livonian laskõ, Votic laskõa, Ingrian laskia, Livvi laskie, Ludian laskeda, and Veps laskta; possibly also Northern Sami luoikat (“to borrow; to lend”) (from Proto-Samic *luojkkëtēk), Erzya ластямс (lasťams, “to saddle”), Moksha ласькомс (laśkoms, “to run”), Udmurt лэзьыны (leźyny), Komi-Zyrian лэдзны (ledźny), Northern Khanty [script needed] (ḷŏsχǝj-, “to set free, to release”), and Northern Mansi хот-ло̄сталаӈкв (hot-lōstalaňkw, “to break, to crack”), although these are phonetically and/or semantically uncertain.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈlɑskmɑ/, [ˈlɑskmɑ]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɑskmɑ
  • Hyphenation: lask‧ma

Verb[edit]

laskma (da-infinitive lasta)

  1. (transitive) to let, to allow, to permit (+ object in the adessive case + verb in the da-infinitive)
    Kära ei lase magada.
    The noise is keeping [me] awake.
    (literally, “The noise doesn't let sleep.”)
    Millal sind puhkusele lastakse?
    When can you go on holiday?
    (literally, “When are you allowed to go on holiday?”)
    Ärge laske tal midagi rasket tõsta.
    Do not allow him to lift anything heavy.
    Me ei lase sind kuhugi, jääd koju.
    We won't let you go anywhere, stay at home.
  2. (transitive) to ask, to order, to make (someone do something), to have (+ object in the adessive case + verb in the da-infinitive)
    Laskis endale uue ülikonna õmmelda. ― He had himself a new suit sewn.
    Õpetaja laseb õpilastel luuletusi pähe õppida.
    The teacher has the students memorise poems.
    1. to convey a message through an intermediary
      Tädi laseb teid kõiki tervitada.
      Auntie sends her greetings to you all.
      Arst lasi patsiendi kohe sisse kutsuda.
      The doctor called the patient in immediately.
  3. (transitive) to lower, to let down, to sink
    ämbrit kaevu laskma ― lower the bucket into the well
    pead norgu laskma ― let one's head down
    Kirst lasti hauda. ― The coffin was lowered into the grave.
    Lipud lasti poolde vardasse. ― The flags were lowered to the half-mast position.
    1. (intransitive) to descend, to stoop
      vaiba peale kõhuli laskma ― lay down on the carpet (on one's stomach)
  4. (transitive, of water) to make flow
    kraanist vett laskma ― turn on the tap (and let the water flow)
    Lase vann vett täis. ― Fill up the bathtub (with water).
    Paisjärv lasti kuivaks. ― The reservoir was drained.
    1. (colloquial) to urinate, to piss, to pee
      Pidin suurest naerust peaaegu püksi laskma.
      I almost had to piss my pants laughing.
  5. (transitive) to do something continuously
    sõrmedega nipsu laskma ― snap your fingers (continuously)
    vett keema laskma ― bring the water to a boil
    pipragaasi näkku laskma ― spray pepper spray in one's face
    1. to work with a tool or a machine
      puuriga auku sisse laskma ― drill a hole (with a drill)
    2. to make, play a sound
      Keegi lasi uksekella. ― Somebody rang the doorbell.
      Tantsumuusikat lasti plaatidelt.
      Dance music was played from records.
    3. to move at a quick pace
      tantsu laskma ― dance (energetically)
      Perenaine laseb toa ja aida vahet.
      The housewife keeps running between the house and the granary.
      Päev läbi lasime kauplusi mööda.
      We ran around shops the entire day.
  6. (transitive, intransitive) to fire, to shoot (a firearm)
    püssi laskma ― fire a gun
    Seisa, või ma lasen! ― Stop, or I'll shoot!
    Laskis endale kuuli pähe. ― He shot himself in the head.
    Synonym: tulistama
    • 1926, A. H. Tammsaare, chapter X, in Tõde ja õigus I [Truth and Justice I] (Tõde ja õigus; I)‎[1], volume I, Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, published 1974, pages 77–78:
      Vana peremehe ajal oli kõigil teada, et Vargamäe koerad käivad teineteise akna all. Lase või soolaga, ei kuula teised, mädandid, ikka kipuvad. Niisuke roju on koer, kui kahe pererahva vahel on midagi.
      When the last master was here, everyone knew that the dogs on Vargamäe left their poop under each other’s windows. You could shoot them with a salt gun, but the mutts wouldn’t pay any attention. That’s what dogs are like when things are not right between two families.
    1. to shoot (an arrow etc.)
      vibu laskma ― shoot an arrow
      märki laskma ― shoot the mark

Usage notes[edit]

The parallel past forms with -sk- are uncommon in most senses, and can be considered slightly dated in everyday speech, making the past forms with -s- a bit more preferable. However, the opposite is true for the sense "to shoot, to fire".

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of laskma (ÕS type 34/saatma, irregular gradation)
indicative
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. lasen ei lase 1st sing. olen lasknud ei ole lasknud
pole lasknud
2nd sing. lased 2nd sing. oled lasknud
3rd sing. laseb 3rd sing. on lasknud
1st plur. laseme 1st plur. oleme lasknud
2nd plur. lasete 2nd plur. olete lasknud
3rd plur. lasevad 3rd plur. on lasknud
passive lastakse ei lasta passive on lastud ei ole lastud
pole lastud
past pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. lasin
lasksin 		ei lasknud 1st sing. olin lasknud ei olnud lasknud
polnud lasknud
2nd sing. lasid
lasksid 		2nd sing. olid lasknud
3rd sing. lasi
laskis 		3rd sing. oli lasknud
1st plur. lasime
lasksime 		1st plur. olime lasknud
2nd plur. lasite
lasksite 		2nd plur. olite lasknud
3rd plur. lasid
lasksid 		3rd plur. oli lasknud
passive lasti ei lastud passive oli lastud ei olnud lastud
polnud lastud
conditional
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. laseksin ei laseks 1st sing. lasknuksin
oleksin lasknud 		ei lasknuks
ei oleks lasknud
poleks lasknud
2nd sing. laseksid 2nd sing. lasknuksid
oleksid lasknud
3rd sing. laseks 3rd sing. lasknuks
oleks lasknud
1st plur. laseksime 1st plur. lasknuksime
oleksime lasknud
2nd plur. laseksite 2nd plur. lasknuksite
oleksite lasknud
3rd plur. laseksid 3rd plur. lasknuksid
oleksid lasknud
passive lastaks ei lastaks passive oleks lastud ei oleks lastud
poleks lastud
imperative
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. lase ära lase 2nd sing. ole lasknud ära ole lasknud
3rd sing. lasku ärgu lasku 3rd sing. olgu lasknud ärgu olgu lasknud
1st plur. laskem ärme laseme
ärme lase
ärgem laskem 		1st plur. olgem lasknud ärme oleme lasknud
ärme ole lasknud
ärgem olgem lasknud
2nd plur. laske ärge laske 2nd plur. olge lasknud ärge olge lasknud
3rd plur. lasku ärgu lasku 3rd plur. olgu lasknud ärgu olgu lasknud
passive lastagu ärgu lastagu passive olgu lastud ärgu olgu lastud
quotative
present perfect
voice positive negative voice positive negative
active laskvat ei laskvat active olevat lasknud ei olevat lasknud
polevat lasknud
passive lastavat ei lastavat passive olevat lastud ei olevat lastud
polevat lastud
Nominal forms
ma-infinitive active passive da-infinitive present past
nominative laskma lastama nominative lasta olla lasknud
illative — inessive lastes olles lasknud
inessive laskmas participle active passive
elative laskmast present laskev lastav
translative laskmaks past lasknud lastud
abessive laskmata negative laskmatu —

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Compound nouns[edit]

Compound verbs[edit]

Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • laskma in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
  • “laskma”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
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