mirt

Latvian

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl]  *mir-, from the zero grade *mr̥- of (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European *mor-, *mer- (“to die”). An ancient derivation *mirtis (“death”) has been replaced by nāve (“death”) (q.v.); cf. Lithuanian mirtìs (“death”). Cognates include Lithuanian mir̃ti, Proto-Slavic *merti, first person *mьrǫ (Old Church Slavonic мрѣти (mrěti), мьрѫ (mĭrǫ), (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Russian colloquial мереть (meretʹ), мру (mru) (see умереть (umeretʹ)), смерть (smertʹ, “death”), Belarusian ме́рці (mjérci), Ukrainian мере́ти (meréty), Bulgarian мра (mra, “to die”), Czech mříti, Polish mrzeć), Hittite [Term?] (/⁠mer-⁠/), [Term?] (/⁠mir-⁠/, “to disappear, to be destroyed, to die”), Sanskrit मरति (marati), म्रियते (mriyáte, “to die”); from the o-grade variant, also Latin morire (“to die”), Proto-Germanic *murþaz (German Mord, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] English murder), Proto-Celtic *marwos (Old Irish marb, Welsh marw (“died”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mīɾt]

Audio:

(file)

• IPA^(key): [mîɾt]

Audio:

(file)

Verb

mirt (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present mirstu, mirsti, mirst, past miru)

1. (of people) to die (to cease to live, to cease to exist biologically)

   mirt sirmā vecumā ― to die of old age (lit. in gray age)

   mirt dabiskā nāvē ― to die of (lit. in) natural death

   zēna vecāki ir miruši ― the boy's parents have died

   mirt badu ― to die of hunger, to suffer from hunger, to starve

   viņa tēvs mira nelabā nāvē: nosmaka rijā ― his father died a bad death: he suffocated in the barn

   viņš pāršķeļ milzim galvu un tad, nāvīgās žults nonāvēts, krīt uz savas vāles un mirst ― he splits the giant's head and, poisoned by the deadly gall, falls on his club and dies

2. (of body parts) to die, to stop working

   pat pēkšņas nāves gadījumā dažādi organisma orgāni mirst pakāpeniski ― even in the case of sudden death, the various organs of the body die gradually

3. (poetic, of animals, plants) to die (to cease to live, to cease to exist biologically)

   būs laiks, kad pēdējais no gulbjiem mirs ― there will be a time when the last of the swans will die

   apdegšas, mirušas ābeles stiepa pret debesīm melnas, sāpju pilnas zaru rokas ― burned, dead apple trees stretched to the sky the black, painful arms of (their) branches

4. (figuratively, of social, natural phenomena; also ideas, thoughts, mental states) to die (to cease to exist)

   mirstošais fašisms ― the dying fascism

   tu droši vien zini, kā ir tad, kad mirst mīlestība ― you probably it is how it is (= what it is like) when love dies

5. (figuratively, of ideas, thoughts, knowledge) to die (to be forgotten, to become insignificant, unimportant, pointless, meaningless)

   mirusa valoda ― dead language (no longer having native speakers)

   mīts par bijušo Kurzemes koloniju Gambiju bija miris jau sen ― the myth of the former Kurzeme colony of Gambia had died long ago

6. (figuratively, of places) to die (to become uninhabited)

   mirusi planēta ― dead planet

   ir māja dzīva, nav tā mirusi, ja tajā tikšķot dzird vēl pulksteni ― a house is alive, not dead, if one still hears a clock ticking in it

Conjugation

conjugation of mirt

	INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme)				IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
		Present (tagadne)	Past (pagātne)	Future (nākotne)
1st pers. sg.	es	mirstu	miru	miršu	—
2nd pers. sg.	tu	mirsti	miri	mirsi	mirsti
3rd pers. sg.	viņš, viņa	mirst	mira	mirs	lai mirst
1st pers. pl.	mēs	mirstam	mirām	mirsim	mirsim
2nd pers. pl.	jūs	mirstat	mirāt	mirsiet, mirsit	mirstiet
3rd pers. pl.	viņi, viņas	mirst	mira	mirs	lai mirst
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme)			PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present	mirstot		Present Active 1 (Adj.)		mirstošs
Past	esot miris		Present Active 2 (Adv.)		mirdams
Future	miršot		Present Active 3 (Adv.)		mirstot
Imperative	lai mirstot		Present Active 4 (Obj.)		mirstam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme)			Past Active		miris
Present	mirtu		Present Passive		mirstams
Past	būtu miris		Past Passive		mirts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme)			NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative	(būt) jāmirst		Infinitive (nenoteiksme)		mirt
Conjunctive 1	esot jāmirst		Negative Infinitive		nemirt
Conjunctive 2	jāmirstot		Verbal noun		miršana

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

• apmirt
• atmirt

• nomirt
• pamirt

Related terms

• mironis
• mirstīgs, mirstīgums
• mirstība

See also

• nāve

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Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mirt/

Noun

mirt m inan

1. myrtle (shrub of the genus Myrtus)

Declension

Declension of mirt

	singular	plural
nominative	mirt	mirty
genitive	mirtu	mirtów
dative	mirtowi	mirtom
accusative	mirt	mirty
instrumental	mirtem	mirtami
locative	mircie	mirtach
vocative	mircie	mirty

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Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin myrtus, French myrte.

Noun

mirt m (plural mirți)

1. myrtle